[支气管哮喘：男孩还是女孩发病率最高？]
[Bronchial asthma: do boys or girls have the highest incidence?].
作者信息
Lis G, Pietrzyk J J, Cichocka-Jarosz E, Szczerbiński T, Kwinta P
机构信息
I Kliniki Chorób Dzieci, Polsko-Amerykańskiego Instytutu Pediatrii, Collegium Medicum, Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie.
出版信息
Przegl Lek. 1997;54(9):602-6.
The aim of the study was to assess the gender related prevalence of asthma and asthma symptoms in schoolchildren. The survey was performed using standardized ISAAC questionnaire in two age groups: 6-7 yr. (n = 2281; girls 49.7%) and 13-14 yr. (n = 4849; girls 49.8%). It was revealed that in older group the prevalence of ever diagnosed asthma was lower in girls than in boys (2.0% versus 3.3%; odds ratio [OR] = 0.58; p = 0.004). But the prevalence of symptoms: wheeze ever (OR = 1.16; p = 0.056), current wheeze (last 12 mo) (OR = 1.26; p = 0.029), current exercise wheeze (OR = 1.40; p = 0.0008), current night cough (OR = 1.67; p = 0.0001) were higher in girls than in boys. However, in younger group of schoolchildren the prevalence of ever diagnosed asthma and asthma symptoms were higher in boys (5.1% male versus 3.5% female). The girls in comparison to boys revealed lower risk of ever asthma diagnosis (OR = 0.66; p = 0.056) and symptoms: wheeze ever (OR = 0.63; p = 0.0001), current wheeze (OR = 0.69; p = 0.003), current exercise wheeze (OR = 0.59; p = 0.008) and current night cough (OR = 0.70; p = 0.0003).
该研究的目的是评估学龄儿童中与性别相关的哮喘及哮喘症状的患病率。调查采用标准化的国际儿童哮喘和变应性疾病研究（ISAAC）问卷，针对两个年龄组进行：6 - 7岁（n = 2281；女孩占49.7%）和13 - 14岁（n = 4849；女孩占49.8%）。结果显示，在年龄较大的组中，曾被诊断为哮喘的患病率女孩低于男孩（2.0%对3.3%；优势比[OR] = 0.58；p = 0.004）。但症状的患病率：曾有喘息（OR = 1.16；p = 0.056）、当前喘息（过去12个月）（OR = 1.26；p = 0.029）、当前运动性喘息（OR = 1.40；p = 0.0008）、当前夜间咳嗽（OR = 1.67；p = 0.0001）女孩高于男孩。然而，在较小学龄儿童组中，曾被诊断为哮喘及哮喘症状的患病率男孩高于女孩（男孩5.1%对女孩3.5%）。与男孩相比，女孩被诊断为哮喘及出现症状的风险较低：曾有喘息（OR = 0.63；p = 0.0001）及症状：曾有喘息（OR = 0.66；p = 0.056）、当前喘息（OR = 0.69；p = 0.003）、当前运动性喘息（OR = 0.59；p = 0.008）和当前夜间咳嗽（OR = 0.70；p = 0.0003）。
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