Juker D, McGill S, Kropf P, Steffen T
Institute of Sports Science, Federal School of Sports, Magglingen, Switzerland.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Feb;30(2):301-10. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199802000-00020.
Since most previous reports of EMG activation profiles from psoas and the abdominal wall have been qualitative, the objective of this work was to document myoelectric activity from these deep muscles. This knowledge is required to assist in choosing specific training exercises and for making rehabilitation decisions that require knowledge of normalized and calibrated muscle activation levels in different tasks.
Intramuscular EMG was collected from five men and three women, in whom amplitudes were normalized to maximum contraction efforts and reported over a wide variety of clinical and rehabilitation tasks. Electrodes were inserted into vertebral portions of psoas and the three layers of the abdominal wall. Normalized signal amplitudes were reported as peak levels and time histories.
All forms of sit-ups activated psoas (15-35% MVC) more than the curl-up (<10%); psoas was not highly activated during barbell lifting of loads up to 100 kg (< 16% MVC); psoas was most active during maximal hip flexion efforts; push-ups activated psoas up to 25% MVC. Several isometric abdominal exercises were evaluated using the criteria of maximizing abdominal activation while minimizing psoas activity: the side (bridge) support exercise proved the best training method for the abdominal wall.
Consideration of deep muscle activity, provided in this report, is important for choosing the most appropriate rehabilitation and training program for an individual. Specific guidance is provided for choosing the best abdominal exercise, together with activation profiles during lifting, during twisting, and during hip rotation.
由于之前大多数关于腰大肌和腹壁肌电图激活情况的报告都是定性的，因此本研究的目的是记录这些深层肌肉的肌电活动。了解这些知识有助于选择特定的训练练习，并为做出需要了解不同任务中标准化和校准后的肌肉激活水平的康复决策提供依据。
从5名男性和3名女性身上采集肌内肌电图，将肌电幅度标准化为最大收缩力，并报告在各种临床和康复任务中的情况。电极插入腰大肌的椎骨部分和腹壁的三层肌肉中。标准化后的信号幅度以峰值水平和时间历程的形式报告。
所有形式的仰卧起坐对腰大肌的激活程度（15%-35%最大自主收缩）均高于卷腹（<10%）；在举起高达100公斤的杠铃时，腰大肌的激活程度不高（<16%最大自主收缩）；在最大程度的髋关节屈曲动作中，腰大肌最为活跃；俯卧撑可使腰大肌的激活程度达到25%最大自主收缩。使用在最大程度激活腹部肌肉同时最小化腰大肌活动的标准，对几种等长腹部练习进行了评估：侧（桥）支撑练习被证明是训练腹壁的最佳方法。
本报告中提供的深层肌肉活动情况对于为个体选择最合适的康复和训练计划非常重要。为选择最佳的腹部练习提供了具体指导，同时还给出了举重、扭转和髋关节旋转过程中的激活情况。
