Sobottka I, Schwartz D A, Schottelius J, Visvesvara G S, Pieniazek N J, Schmetz C, Kock N P, Laufs R, Albrecht H
Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Germany.
Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Feb;26(2):475-80. doi: 10.1086/516328.
The prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis among human immunodefiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with chronic diarrhea varies from 7% to 50%; thus, microsporidia are a significant source of morbidity and, occasionally, mortality among these patients. Anecdotal reports suggest that intestinal microsporidiosis is also an important infection in patients with AIDS in Germany. To determine the prevalence of microsporidiosis among HIV-infected patients in Germany, we performed a prospective coprodiagnostic study of 97 consecutive HIV-infected patients. Microsporidia were the most common enteropathogen identified in 18 (36.0%) of 50 patients with diarrhea and 2 (4.3%) of 47 patients without diarrhea (P < .001; chi2 test). Microsporidia were present in 60% of patients with chronic diarrhea and 5.9% of patients with acute diarrhea. The etiologic agent was Enterocytozoon bieneusi in 18 patients and Encephalitozoon intestinalis in two patients. The prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis in this cohort of German patients with AIDS and diarrhea is one of the highest to be reported anywhere in the world. Microsporidiosis seems to represent one of the most important causes of diarrhea in HIV-infected patients in Germany and thus must be considered in the differential diagnosis for all AIDS patients presenting with diarrhea.
在患有慢性腹泻的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者中，肠道微孢子虫病的患病率在7%至50%之间；因此，微孢子虫是这些患者发病的重要原因，偶尔也是死亡原因。轶事报道表明，在德国，肠道微孢子虫病在艾滋病患者中也是一种重要感染。为确定德国HIV感染患者中微孢子虫病的患病率，我们对97例连续的HIV感染患者进行了前瞻性粪便诊断研究。微孢子虫是50例腹泻患者中18例（36.0%）以及47例无腹泻患者中2例（4.3%）所鉴定出的最常见肠道病原体（P <.001；卡方检验）。微孢子虫存在于60%的慢性腹泻患者和5.9%的急性腹泻患者中。病原体在18例患者中为比氏肠微孢子虫，在2例患者中为肠脑炎微孢子虫。在这组患有艾滋病和腹泻的德国患者中，肠道微孢子虫病的患病率是世界上已报道的最高患病率之一。微孢子虫病似乎是德国HIV感染患者腹泻的最重要原因之一，因此在所有出现腹泻的艾滋病患者的鉴别诊断中都必须予以考虑。
