Kraly F S, Blass E M
J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1976 Jul;90(7):714-26. doi: 10.1037/h0077225.
The effect of environmental cold upon feeding, food-motivated behavior, and gastric clearance of food was studied in rats. Rats ate liquid diet in either a 5 degrees C or 22 degrees C ambient temperature (TA) following (a) 24-hr food deprivation at TA of either 5 or 22 degrees C, or (b) 0- or 48-hr food deprivation at TA 22 degrees C. Rats ate more at 5 degrees C than at 22 degrees C regardless of the ambient temperature during deprivation. Rats increased feeding in the cold by increasing meal frequency but not meal size. Cold (5 degrees C) TA also enhanced the urge to eat. Rats bar pressed for food more often in the cold TA on a variable interval 30-sec schedule when gastric clearance of food was prevented by a pyloric noose and when food cleared from the stomach normally. Also, quinine adulteration of food suppressed food intake only in the 22 degrees C TA. Cold (5 degrees C) TA enhanced gastric clearance of liquid food within 20 min of ingestion. These results support the view that the peripheral sensation of cold is an adequate stimulus for feeding and that cold TA can stimulate feeding directly by increasing the urge to eat and indirectly, secondary to increased gastric clearance.
研究了环境低温对大鼠进食、食物驱动行为及食物胃排空的影响。大鼠在以下条件后，于5℃或22℃环境温度（TA）下进食流食：（a）在5℃或22℃的TA下禁食24小时，或（b）在22℃的TA下禁食0或48小时。无论禁食期间的环境温度如何，大鼠在5℃时比在22℃时吃得更多。大鼠通过增加进食频率而非进食量来增加在低温环境下的进食。低温（5℃）TA也增强了进食欲望。当幽门套索阻止食物胃排空以及食物正常从胃中排空时，大鼠在低温TA下以30秒可变间隔的时间表更频繁地按压杠杆获取食物。此外，食物中掺入奎宁仅在22℃的TA下抑制食物摄入。低温（5℃）TA在摄入液体食物后20分钟内增强了液体食物的胃排空。这些结果支持以下观点：外周冷觉是进食的充分刺激，低温TA可通过增加进食欲望直接刺激进食，并通过增加胃排空间接刺激进食。
