Nery L E, Castrucci A M
Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol. 1997 Dec;118(4):1135-44. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9629(97)00045-5.
The cellular signalling pathways participating in physiological color change are reviewed, particularly in crustaceans, teleosts, amphibians, and reptiles. This review is an attempt to summarize what is known and to raise some hypotheses about basic questions still to be elucidated. The first picture that emerges from the literature is that the transduction pathways are identical in the various types of chromatophores of a single species, except for the iridophore. The cAMP-dependent pathway has been well conserved throughout evolution: cAMP increase is the pigment dispersion signal whereas the nucleotide decrease leads to granule aggregation. On the other hand, the Ca(-2)-dependent pathways evoke pigment aggregation in teleosts and crustaceans, and dispersion in amphibians and probably reptiles as well. Another interesting point is the ultimate convergence of the signalling pathways of different agonists inducing the same response in one chromatophore type. A hypothesis is raised about why different chromatophores behave differently in the absence of agonists, that is, why some are punctate, whereas others are stellate.
本文综述了参与生理颜色变化的细胞信号通路，特别是在甲壳类动物、硬骨鱼类、两栖动物和爬行动物中的情况。本综述旨在总结已知内容，并对仍有待阐明的基本问题提出一些假设。从文献中得出的第一个结论是，除了虹彩细胞外，单一物种的各种类型色素细胞中的转导通路是相同的。cAMP依赖性通路在整个进化过程中得到了很好的保留：cAMP增加是色素分散信号，而核苷酸减少则导致颗粒聚集。另一方面，Ca（-2）依赖性通路在硬骨鱼类和甲壳类动物中引起色素聚集，在两栖动物以及可能在爬行动物中引起色素分散。另一个有趣的点是，不同激动剂的信号通路最终在一种色素细胞类型中诱导相同的反应。有人提出了一个假设，即为什么不同的色素细胞在没有激动剂的情况下表现不同，也就是说，为什么有些是点状的，而另一些是星状的。
