García-Rovés P M, Terrados N, Fernández S F, Patterson A M
Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain.
Int J Sports Med. 1998 Jan;19(1):61-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-971882.
In order to quantify the nutritional status and the feeding pattern of professional cyclists during continuous competition, food intake was accurately measured and recorded using the weighed inventory of food (over three 24 h periods) during all meals in ten top professional cyclists during a real 3 weeks' competition. A 24 h period was defined as the time between the start of one stage and the next start. The 24 h period intake of energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate was used to discover whether these intakes met requirements for endurance exercise. The average intake of energy and macronutrients was: energy = 23.5 +/- 1.8 MJ/24 h period, carbohydrate = 841.4 +/- 66.2 g/ 24h period; protein = 201.8 +/- 17.7g/24 h period; and fat = 158.6 +/- 16.3 g/24 h period. The carbohydrate, protein and fat contribution to energy was 60.0%, 14.5%, and 25.5% respectively. Fluid intake per 24h period was 3.29 +/- 0.94l (1.26 +/- 0.55 l during the race). Our study shows a similar energy intake in comparison with the only previous study in 1989 but there is a change in the feeding pattern of top level cyclists. A more important role is given to the intake of carbohydrate just after competitions together with an increase in protein intake. Both changes could have a positive effect on performance.
为了量化职业自行车运动员在连续比赛期间的营养状况和饮食模式，在为期3周的实际比赛中，对10名顶级职业自行车运动员在所有餐食期间的食物摄入量进行了精确测量和记录（通过食物称重清单，为期三个24小时时间段）。一个24小时时间段被定义为一个赛段开始到下一个赛段开始的时间。通过24小时时间段内能量、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的摄入量来判断这些摄入量是否满足耐力运动的需求。能量和常量营养素的平均摄入量为：能量=23.5±1.8兆焦/24小时时间段，碳水化合物=841.4±66.2克/24小时时间段；蛋白质=201.8±17.7克/24小时时间段；脂肪=158.6±16.3克/24小时时间段。碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪对能量的贡献分别为60.0%、14.5%和25.5%。每24小时时间段的液体摄入量为3.29±0.94升（比赛期间为1.26±0.55升）。我们的研究表明，与1989年唯一的一项先前研究相比，能量摄入量相似，但顶级自行车运动员的饮食模式发生了变化。比赛后碳水化合物的摄入量以及蛋白质摄入量的增加被赋予了更重要的作用。这两种变化都可能对运动表现产生积极影响。
