乳腺癌手术女性患者恶心呕吐的预防：格拉司琼、氟哌利多、甲氧氯普胺与安慰剂的比较
Prevention of nausea and vomiting in female patients undergoing breast surgery: a comparison with granisetron, droperidol, metoclopramide and placebo.
作者信息
Fujii Y, Tanaka H, Toyooka H
机构信息
Department of Anaesthesiology, Toride Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.
出版信息
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1998 Feb;42(2):220-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05113.x.
BACKGROUND
Breast surgery is associated with a relatively high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for preventing PONV after breast surgery.
METHODS
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 120 female patients received granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1, droperidol 1.25 mg, metoclopramide 10 mg or placebo (saline) (n = 30 for each) intravenously immediately before the induction of anaesthesia. A standard general anaesthetic technique was employed throughout. Postoperatively, during the first 24 h after anaesthesia, the incidence of PONV and adverse events was recorded.
RESULTS
The incidence of PONV was 17% with granisetron, 37% with droperidol, 43% with metoclopramide and 50% with placebo (P < 0.05; overall Fisher's exact probability test). The incidence of adverse events was not different among the groups.
CONCLUSION
Granisetron is highly effective for reducing the incidence of PONV in female patients undergoing breast surgery. Droperidol and metoclopramide are ineffective in this population.
背景
乳腺手术术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的发生率相对较高。本研究旨在评估格拉司琼、氟哌利多和甲氧氯普胺预防乳腺手术后PONV的疗效。
方法
在一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验中，120例女性患者在麻醉诱导前即刻静脉注射格拉司琼40微克·千克-1、氟哌利多1.25毫克、甲氧氯普胺10毫克或安慰剂（生理盐水）（每组n = 30）。全程采用标准全身麻醉技术。术后，在麻醉后的前24小时内，记录PONV和不良事件的发生率。
结果
格拉司琼组PONV发生率为17%，氟哌利多组为37%，甲氧氯普胺组为43%，安慰剂组为50%（P < 0.05；总体Fisher精确概率检验）。各组不良事件发生率无差异。
结论
格拉司琼在降低接受乳腺手术的女性患者PONV发生率方面非常有效。氟哌利多和甲氧氯普胺在该人群中无效。
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