Endometrial responsiveness to oxytocin during diestrus and early pregnancy in pigs is not controlled solely by changes in oxytocin receptor population density.

These studies were performed to test the hypotheses that: 1) endometrial responsiveness to oxytocin (OT) in pig endometrium is associated with changes in OT receptor (OTr) population density resulting from corresponding regulation of OTr gene transcription, 2) endometrial responsiveness to OT is controlled solely through a mechanism involving changes in OTr population density, and 3) OTr population density and endometrial responsiveness to OT differ between diestrus and early pregnancy in pigs. In experiment 1, OTr population density and dissociation constant (Kd) in cyclic pigs were constant on Days 10-16 but increased (p < 0.05) between Days 10 and 12 of pregnancy before decreasing (p < 0.05) through Day 16. OT induced phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha secretion in cyclic pigs only on Day 16 (p < 0.05), and during pregnancy only on Day 12 (p < 0.05). Activation of G protein by aluminum fluoride (AIF4-) treatment maximally stimulated (p < 0.05) PI hydrolysis and PGF2 alpha secretion in cyclic pigs on all days, indicating that downstream from the OTr, the PGF2 alpha secretory pathway was fully functional. During pregnancy, PI hydrolysis and PGF2 alpha secretion in response to AIF4- decreased (p < 0.01) on Days 14 compared to Days 10 and 12, and AIF4- did not stimulate PGF2 alpha release on Day 16. In experiment 2, abundance of OTr mRNA in cyclic pigs decreased between Days 0 and 5 before increasing between Days 5 and 12 (p < 0.05), but it was higher (p < 0.05) on Days 10-15 of pregnancy than on equivalent days in cyclic gilts. These results indicate that control of PGF2 alpha secretion in cyclic pigs appeared to occur primarily at the level of OTr coupling to G protein because changes in OTr number were not associated with increased sensitivity to OT or G-protein activation by AIF4-. During pregnancy, control was exerted at multiple levels, which included the OTr, G protein, phospholipase C, and subsequent aspects of the secretory pathway. The present study also indicated that endometrium was responsive to OT during luteolysis in cyclic pigs but not during corpus luteum maintenance in pregnant pigs.