Bártů V
Klinika pneumologie a hrudní chirurgie, 3, lékarská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Fakultní nemocnice na Bulovce, Praha.
Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 1998 Feb;47(1):20-2.
Pulmonary and extrapulmonary mycobacterioses are diseases with a less frequent incidence. They affect in particular subjects in an immunodeficient state and with chronic pulmonary disease. The diagnosis is based on the clinical picture, pathological X-ray picture and repeated positivity of the examined biological material with subsequent identification of the mycobacterial strain. These microorganisms are found in nature, infection occurs most frequently by inhalation and interpersonal transmission was never proved so far. Extrapulmonary manifestations are associated with lymphadenitis, affections of the skin and soft tissues. In therapy which extends over several months a combination of antituberculotics and antibiotics is used which are effective against the particular mycobacterium. In indicated cases a surgical approach should be used. The author presents a list of mycobacteria types of diseases they produce, as well as an account on the diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
肺内和肺外分枝杆菌病是发病率较低的疾病。它们尤其影响免疫功能低下和患有慢性肺病的人群。诊断基于临床表现、病理X线表现以及所检查生物材料的反复阳性结果，随后对分枝杆菌菌株进行鉴定。这些微生物存在于自然界，感染最常通过吸入发生，人际传播迄今尚未得到证实。肺外表现与淋巴结炎、皮肤和软组织病变有关。在持续数月的治疗中，使用抗结核药物和抗生素的联合用药，这些药物对特定的分枝杆菌有效。在指明的病例中应采用手术方法。作者列出了它们所引发疾病的分枝杆菌类型清单，以及关于诊断和治疗方法的说明。
