de Mûelenaere J J, Wiltshire W A, Viljoen W P
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pretoria.
J Dent Assoc S Afr. 1992 Dec;47(12):517-20.
The occlusal status of Venda school children of the town of Thohoyandou, and of a rural community in the Tshikundamalema district was determined. This comparison made it possible to eliminate racial differences as a contributing factor to malocclusions. The occlusal index of Summers was used to determine the occlusal status of 342 subjects. Positive O.I. scores were obtained for 78.9 per cent of the subjects. Twenty-eight per cent of the children required orthodontic treatment and 12 per cent treatment of a specialised nature with fixed appliances. Syndrome D (tooth displacement) occurred in 42 per cent of those requiring treatment. Class I molar relationships were seen in 96.8 per cent. The difference in positive O.I. scores between urban and rural children was highly significant (p < 0.01). The mean O.I. scores also differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the two communities. A highly significant difference (p = 0.0002) in orthodontic treatment needs was also demonstrated between urban and rural children. This study shows that environmental factors and extraction of teeth in areas where a comprehensive dental service is not available could contribute to malocclusion.
对托霍扬杜镇的文达学龄儿童以及茨昆达马莱马区一个农村社区儿童的咬合状况进行了测定。这种比较使得能够排除种族差异作为错牙合畸形的一个促成因素。采用萨默斯咬合指数来确定342名受试者的咬合状况。78.9%的受试者获得了正的咬合指数分数。28%的儿童需要正畸治疗，12%的儿童需要使用固定矫治器进行特殊治疗。在需要治疗的儿童中，42%出现了D综合征（牙齿移位）。96.8%的儿童为I类磨牙关系。城市和农村儿童之间正的咬合指数分数差异非常显著（p < 0.01）。两个社区之间的平均咬合指数分数也有显著差异（p < 0.05）。城市和农村儿童在正畸治疗需求方面也存在非常显著的差异（p = 0.0002）。这项研究表明，在没有全面牙科服务的地区，环境因素和拔牙可能导致错牙合畸形。
