Safer D J
Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1997 Dec;9(4):263-9. doi: 10.1023/a:1022364629060.
A thorough medical literature review of adolescent self-reported suicide attempts focused on comparing the following: (1) the prevalence of attempts in anonymous vs. face-to-face surveys; (2) the prevalence rates in the United States and Canada vs. those reported elsewhere; and (3) the prevalence of attempt findings vs. self-harm behavior in anonymous surveys. The major findings were: (1) 29 anonymous self-report questionnaire studies from nine countries revealed that a median of 7-10% of adolescent students acknowledged having made one or more suicide attempts; (2) seven structured interview studies revealed a 3-4% lifetime prevalence of attempted suicide by adolescents; (3) self-report questionnaire responses failed to reveal any overlap between deliberate self-harm behavior and suicide attempts; (4) nonanonymous studies had an unusually high rate of refusal. Thus, self-reported suicide attempts are surprisingly frequent in adolescence and are reported two to three times more often under conditions of anonymity. Furthermore, youths report self-harm behavior as distinct from suicide attempts.
一项针对青少年自我报告的自杀未遂情况的全面医学文献综述，重点比较了以下内容：（1）匿名调查与面对面调查中自杀未遂的发生率；（2）美国和加拿大的发生率与其他地区报告的发生率；（3）匿名调查中自杀未遂结果的发生率与自我伤害行为的发生率。主要发现如下：（1）来自9个国家的29项匿名自我报告问卷调查研究表明，中位数为7%至10%的青少年学生承认曾有过一次或多次自杀未遂行为；（2）7项结构化访谈研究显示青少年自杀未遂的终生发生率为3%至4%；（3）自我报告问卷调查的回答未能揭示故意自我伤害行为与自杀未遂之间存在任何重叠；（4）非匿名研究的拒绝率异常高。因此，自我报告的自杀未遂在青少年中惊人地频繁，并且在匿名情况下报告的频率是其他情况的两到三倍。此外，青少年将自我伤害行为与自杀未遂行为区分开来报告。
