Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Psychol Med. 2023 Jan;53(1):274-282. doi: 10.1017/S003329172100146X. Epub 2021 May 7.
Although the clinical importance of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has received increasing recognition, relatively little is known about its epidemiology. The objective of this study was to estimate the lifetime prevalence of NSSI in adults and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric disorders, and lifetime treatment for NSSI.
A nationally representative face-to-face survey was conducted with 7192 adults aged ≥18 years in England. Respondents were interviewed about engagement in NSSI, psychiatric illness, suicidal thoughts and behavior, and treatment history for this behavior.
The estimated lifetime prevalence rate of NSSI was 4.86%. Younger age, growing up without biological parents in the household, being unmarried, and impoverished backgrounds were associated with NSSI. The majority of respondents with lifetime NSSI (63.82%) had at least one current psychiatric disorder. Most psychiatric conditions were associated with greater odds of lifetime NSSI in multivariate models. NSSI was strongly associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, respectively, even after accounting for psychiatric disorders and sociodemographic covariates. A substantial proportion of respondents with NSSI history (30.92%) have engaged in medically severe self-harm, as indexed by requiring medical attention for this behavior. The majority of respondents with NSSI (56.20%) had not received psychiatric care for this behavior.
NSSI is prevalent in the general population and associated with considerable psychiatric comorbidity. A high rate of unmet treatment needs is evident among those with this behavior. Those at the greatest lifetime risk for NSSI may also be particularly limited in their resources to cope with this behavior.
尽管非自杀性自伤（NSSI）的临床重要性已得到越来越多的认可，但人们对其流行病学的了解相对较少。本研究的目的是估计成年人一生中 NSSI 的发生率及其与社会人口学特征、精神障碍和 NSSI 的终生治疗的关联。
在英格兰对 7192 名年龄≥18 岁的成年人进行了一项具有全国代表性的面对面调查。受访者被问及他们是否参与了 NSSI、精神疾病、自杀意念和行为，以及他们是否接受过这种行为的治疗。
NSSI 的终生发生率估计为 4.86%。年龄较小、在成长过程中没有亲生父母、未婚和贫困背景与 NSSI 有关。大多数有 NSSI 病史的受访者（63.82%）至少有一种当前的精神障碍。在多变量模型中，大多数精神疾病都与 NSSI 的发生几率增加有关。即使考虑到精神障碍和社会人口学协变量，NSSI 也与自杀意念和自杀企图分别强烈相关。有 NSSI 病史的受访者中有相当大一部分（30.92%）曾因这种行为而需要医疗关注，这被认为是医疗上严重的自我伤害。大多数有 NSSI 病史的受访者（56.20%）没有因这种行为而接受过精神科治疗。
NSSI 在普通人群中很常见，并且与相当多的精神障碍有关。有这种行为的人明显存在未满足的治疗需求。那些一生中最有可能发生 NSSI 的人，可能也特别缺乏应对这种行为的资源。
