Fontanet A L, Messele T, Dejene A, Enquselassie F, Abebe A, Cutts F T, Rinke de Wit T, Sahlu T, Bindels P, Yeneneh H, Coutinho R A, Nokes D J
Ethiopian-Netherlands AIDS Research Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
AIDS. 1998 Feb 12;12(3):315-22. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199803000-00010.
To estimate the age and sex-specific prevalence of HIV infection in the population of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Two-stage cluster sampling of the population aged 0-49 years of Addis Ababa, using kebeles (urban dwelling associations) as clusters.
The sera used for this study were collected in an earlier study (1994) on the rate of acquisition of antibodies against measles, rubella, and hepatitis B. After separate approvals were obtained from the institutional ethics committees, sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed by Western blot. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence rates were estimated. The prevalence of HIV in men and women over 15 years of age was compared by calculating age-standardized HIV prevalence, using the age distribution of the census population as the standard. A time-dependent catalytic model was used to obtain crude estimates of HIV incidence from age-prevalence data.
A total of 3853 sera were available for analysis. The prevalence of HIV in adults was 6.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.5-7.4%] for men and 6.9% (95% CI, 5.3-8.5%) for women, with peak prevalence in the 25-29 year age group of 16.3 and 11.8%, respectively. After standardization for age using the direct method, the HIV prevalence ratio comparing adult men with women was 0.97:1 (95% CI, 0.70:1 - 1.35:1). Three children aged less than 5 years were HIV-positive. The prevalence of HIV among adults ranged from 0-21.3% in different clusters, indicating the heterogeneity of the spread of HIV in the city. HIV prevalence estimates among the antenatal clinic patients of Addis Ababa in 1996 far exceeded the estimates obtained during the community survey, particularly in the youngest age group (15-24 years). Estimates of HIV incidence (per susceptible person per annum) for the age group 16-22 years ranged from 1.3-2.25% for men and from 2.1-2.4% for women.
By 1994, a substantial proportion of the adult population of Addis Ababa was infected with HIV. Promotion of behavioural changes and the control of sexually transmitted diseases should be strongly supported to limit the spread of the HIV epidemic in Ethiopia.
评估埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴人群中按年龄和性别划分的艾滋病毒感染率。
对亚的斯亚贝巴0至49岁人群进行两阶段整群抽样，以社区（城市居住协会）作为群组。
本研究使用的血清是在一项早期研究（1994年）中收集的，该研究涉及麻疹、风疹和乙肝抗体的获得率。在分别获得机构伦理委员会的批准后，通过酶联免疫吸附测定法检测血清，并经蛋白质印迹法确认。估算按年龄和性别划分的艾滋病毒感染率。使用人口普查人群的年龄分布作为标准，通过计算年龄标准化艾滋病毒感染率，比较15岁以上男性和女性的艾滋病毒感染率。使用时间依赖催化模型，根据年龄-感染率数据粗略估算艾滋病毒发病率。
共有3853份血清可供分析。成年人中，男性艾滋病毒感染率为6.0%[95%置信区间（CI），4.5 - 7.4%]，女性为6.9%（95%CI，5.3 - 8.5%），25 - 29岁年龄组的感染率峰值分别为16.3%和11.8%。采用直接法进行年龄标准化后，成年男性与女性的艾滋病毒感染率之比为0.97:1（95%CI，0.70:1 - 1.35:1）。3名5岁以下儿童艾滋病毒检测呈阳性。不同群组中成年人的艾滋病毒感染率在0 - 21.3%之间，表明艾滋病毒在该市传播存在异质性。1996年亚的斯亚贝巴产前诊所患者的艾滋病毒感染率估计值远远超过社区调查所得结果，尤其是在最年轻年龄组（15 - 24岁）。16 - 22岁年龄组的艾滋病毒发病率（每年每易感人群）估计值，男性为1.3 - 2.25%，女性为2.1 - 2.4%。
到1994年，亚的斯亚贝巴相当一部分成年人口感染了艾滋病毒。应大力支持促进行为改变和控制性传播疾病，以限制艾滋病毒在埃塞俄比亚的传播。
