Two distinct phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase Cs from Streptomyces antibioticus.

Two phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) genes from Streptomyces antibioticus were cloned by a shotgun method using Streptomyces lividans TK24 as a host. The genes of the two PI-PLCs (named as PLC1 and PLC2) were adjoined and opposite in the direction of transcription/translation. Both of them were confirmed to be expressed in S. antibioticus. The two enzymes were different in the following properties. (i) PLC2 had considerable sequence similarity to other bacterial PI-PLCs, while PLC1 had a short stretch that was similar to PI-PLCs of eukaryotes rather than the other bacterial enzymes. (ii) PLC1 was Ca2+-dependent, whereas PLC2 was not. (iii) PLC1 generated myo-inositol-1-phosphate and myo-inositol-1:2-cyclic phosphate simultaneously from PI, but PLC2 showed sequential formation of them. (iv) PLC2 has GPI-anchor-degrading activity while PLC1 does not have. Both enzymes did not hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. Both PLC1 and PLC2 contained two histidine residues that might be catalytic residues. PLC1 has residues that possibly form a Ca2+-binding site. Then it was suggested that both PLC1 and PLC2 act according to the catalytic mechanism using the two histidine residues as proposed in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic enzymes, but that PLC1 has a more 'eukaryotic' mechanism in which Ca2+ participates than that of the Ca2+-independent bacterial enzymes. Thus, we propose that PLC2 is a conventional 'bacteria-type' enzyme, while PLC1 is more closely related to the eukaryotic enzymes rather than the bacterial enzymes.