Affeld K, Zartnack F, Mohnhaupt R, Bücherl E S
Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1976;22:460-7.
With the 3 applied methods one can investigate and obtain most of the interesting aspects of the flow within blood pumps: an integral picture of the flow, the development and position of stagnation flow, the time course of the velocity in points of special interest, the turbulence, and an integral picture of the mean boundary layer flow. The measurements have shown that the flow in the blood pumps is turbulent, the turbulence can be considered harmless, because its intensity is much weaker than that of a valve; there is a correspondence between the hotfilm method and the dye-washout method, and that there is a correspondence between the dye-washout method and the in vivo clot formation. Pumps, which have been designed according to these measurements, have been implanted in a series of calves. The pumps now have a smooth continuous inner surface and usually show no thrombus formation at all (anticoagulants are used) at the postmortem. Some animals do very well, such as the one in Figure 16 during his daily walk of 500 M on the treadmill. The animal is in its 45th day of survival and remains well to date.
通过这三种应用方法，可以研究并获取血泵内血流的大部分有趣方面：血流的整体图像、滞流的发展和位置、特定感兴趣点处速度随时间的变化过程、湍流以及平均边界层血流的整体图像。测量结果表明，血泵内的血流是湍流，这种湍流可被视为无害，因为其强度比瓣膜处的湍流弱得多；热膜法与染料冲洗法之间存在对应关系，且染料冲洗法与体内血栓形成之间也存在对应关系。根据这些测量结果设计的血泵已植入一系列小牛体内。这些血泵现在具有光滑连续的内表面，在尸检时（使用了抗凝剂）通常根本没有血栓形成。一些动物情况良好，比如图16中的那头小牛，它在跑步机上每天行走500米。这头动物已存活45天，至今状况良好。
