Borland R
Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia.
Addiction. 1997 Nov;92(11):1427-35.
To explore whether the introduction onto cigarette packs of new larger, more prominent health warnings in black on white would lead to an increase in: noticing warnings, thoughts about the effects of smoking, and consequent behaviours of not smoking a planned cigarette and/or prematurely stubbing out one already lit. In addition evidence was sought linking these effect to smoking cessation.
Two national cross-sectional surveys of broadly representative samples of smokers: one about 2 weeks before the mandated introduction date of the warnings, and a follow-up 6 months later, part-way through implementation. A longitudinal subsample of smokers from the initial baseline survey was resurveyed at follow-up.
In Australia, new health warnings and strengthened contents labelling of cigarette packets were mandated for cigarettes manufactured from 1 January 1995.
Broadly representative samples of Australian smokers: 510 at baseline, and 512 at follow-up. Two hundred and forty-three of the baseline sample were also resurveyed.
Self-report on effects of warnings and smoking cessation activity.
In the cross-sectional sample at follow-up, 66% of smokers reported at least sometimes noticing the health warnings when taking out a cigarette (compared with 37% at baseline), and 14% reported they had refrained from smoking on at least one occasion as a result (compared with 7% at baseline). Not smoking as a result of noticing the (old) warnings at baseline was predictive of quitting at follow-up. Frequency of stubbing out cigarettes before they were finished as a result of thinking about smoking-related harm was not affected by the new warnings, but was predictive of making quit attempts.
The new health warnings were more potent at stimulating both thoughts about negative effects of smoking and the appropriate consequent action of not smoking the planned cigarette. This is important as spontaneous rejection of cigarettes predicted subsequent cessation.
探讨在香烟包装上采用新的更大、更醒目的黑白相间健康警示是否会导致以下情况增加：注意到警示、对吸烟危害的思考，以及相应的行为，即不吸计划中的香烟和/或提前熄灭已点燃的香烟。此外，还寻求将这些影响与戒烟联系起来的证据。
对吸烟者进行两次全国性横断面调查，样本具有广泛代表性：一次在警示强制引入日期前约2周，另一次在6个月后的随访中，即实施过程过半时。对初始基线调查中的吸烟者纵向子样本在随访时进行重新调查。
在澳大利亚，自1995年1月1日起生产的香烟必须采用新的健康警示并加强烟盒内容标签。
澳大利亚吸烟者的广泛代表性样本：基线时510人，随访时512人。基线样本中的243人也接受了重新调查。
关于警示效果和戒烟活动的自我报告。
在随访时的横断面样本中，66%的吸烟者报告在取出香烟时至少有时会注意到健康警示（基线时为37%），14%的吸烟者报告至少有一次因此而戒烟（基线时为7%）。基线时因注意到（旧）警示而戒烟可预测随访时的戒烟情况。因考虑吸烟相关危害而在香烟未吸完前就熄灭的频率不受新警示影响，但可预测戒烟尝试。
新的健康警示在激发对吸烟负面影响的思考以及相应的不吸计划中香烟的适当后续行动方面更有效。这很重要，因为自发拒绝吸烟可预测随后的戒烟情况。
