Displaced fractures of the glenoid fossa. Results of open reduction and internal fixation.

Displaced fractures of the glenoid fossa are an uncommon and anatomically diverse group of injuries. Failure to restore anatomy in these fractures results in poor outcome in most cases. The success of a treatment protocol that encompasses appropriate preoperative imaging, injury pattern assessment, prudent approach choice, and a comprehensive reduction and fixation tactic was evaluated. Twenty-seven patients were assessed clinically and radiographically at a mean followup interval of 43 months from surgery. Anatomic reconstruction was achieved in 24 (89%) patients. Three patients had residual joint incongruities measuring 2 mm or less. The only perioperative complication was a partial superficial wound dehiscence. Two additional patients had infraspinatus palsies of indeterminate origin. Functional rating revealed six (22%) excellent, 16 (60%) good, three (11%) fair, and two (7%) poor outcomes. The fair and poor outcomes largely were related to associated injuries. These findings show that anatomic surgical reconstruction with a low complication rate and good functional outcome can be obtained for most patients with glenoid fossa fractures.