Shinoda M, Olson L
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Int J Neurosci. 1997 Nov;92(1-2):9-28. doi: 10.3109/00207459708986386.
Adult female Sprague Dawley rats were administrated 0.1 ml Kaolin (250 mg/ml) into cisterna magna. One, 4 and 8 weeks later, brains were analyzed using antibodies against MHC class I (OX18), MHC class II (OX6), CD4 (OX38), CD8 (OX8), OX42, ED1, NF, GFAP, AChE and TH. Remarkably high numbers of T lymphocytes, and OX42- and ED1-positive macrophages were found aggregated in subarachnoid spaces, and in the third and fourth ventricles. Marked aggregations of ED1-positive reactive microglial cells were also found in paraventricular structures, medial septum, retrosplenic cortex and commissural structures. However, no such cells were found in hippocampus. ED1-positive areas were also positive for round cells with a rim of MHC I fluorescent cytoplasm as well as for OX42-positive cells and MHC II positive microglial cells. At week 1, in ventro-frontal areas of cortex, CD8-positive cells and MHC I positive astroglial fibers were detected. At week 1, MHC I positive ramified microglial cells were also recognized in almost the entire brain. These positive cells gradually decreased with time and finally remained rounded with a rim of fluorescent cytoplasm. In addition, ED1 positive partly ramified microglial cells could be recognized in corpus callosum, probably representing cells in transition between ramified and reactive microglia. CD8+ cells entered ventral brain structures, and were found in the horizontal diagonal band at week 4, and had disappeared at week 8. Finally in cortex, ED1 positive microglial cells could be identified only in the retrosplenic cortex, and there were also "dark shrunken neurons" in light microscopic stainings. However, there was only a moderate GFAP positive gliosis. In conclusion, kaolin-induced hydrocephalus leads to immune reactions in several defined areas such as cholinergic systems, corpus callosum, circumventricular organs, pontine cerebellar peduncles and the vestibular nucleus.
成年雌性Sprague Dawley大鼠经枕大池注射0.1 ml高岭土（250 mg/ml）。1周、4周和8周后，使用针对MHC I类（OX18）、MHC II类（OX6）、CD4（OX38）、CD8（OX8）、OX42、ED1、NF、GFAP、AChE和TH的抗体对大脑进行分析。发现大量T淋巴细胞以及OX42和ED1阳性巨噬细胞聚集在蛛网膜下腔、第三和第四脑室内。在室旁结构、内侧隔、脾后皮质和连合结构中也发现了ED1阳性反应性小胶质细胞的明显聚集。然而，在海马中未发现此类细胞。ED1阳性区域对于具有MHC I荧光细胞质边缘的圆形细胞、OX42阳性细胞和MHC II阳性小胶质细胞也呈阳性。在第1周，在皮质的腹侧额叶区域检测到CD8阳性细胞和MHC I阳性星形胶质纤维。在第1周，几乎整个大脑中也识别出MHC I阳性分支状小胶质细胞。这些阳性细胞随时间逐渐减少，最终保持圆形并带有荧光细胞质边缘。此外，在胼胝体中可以识别出部分ED1阳性分支状小胶质细胞，可能代表分支状和反应性小胶质细胞之间的过渡细胞。CD8+细胞进入腹侧脑结构，在第4周时出现在水平对角带，并在第8周时消失。最后在皮质中，仅在脾后皮质中可识别出ED1阳性小胶质细胞，并且在光镜染色中也有“暗缩神经元”。然而，只有中度的GFAP阳性胶质增生。总之，高岭土诱导的脑积水导致在几个特定区域如胆碱能系统、胼胝体、室周器官、脑桥小脑脚和前庭核中发生免疫反应。
