Smith G, Kippax S, Chapple M
National Centre in HIV Social Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW.
J Homosex. 1998;35(1):53-73. doi: 10.1300/J082v35n01_03.
This paper examines the assumption that male homosexuality has a natural affinity with femininity and that male heterosexuality has a natural affinity with masculinity. An analysis of the relationship between people's disclosure or concealment of their homosexual practice or identity, particularly as it relates to notions of hegemonic masculinity and femininity provides the focus of this paper. It is argued that everyday understandings of homosexuality tend to be resolved in such as way as to press homosexuality into the service of privileging a male, masculine, and heterosexual subjectivity. This privileging is achieved, in part, as a result of the everyday social practices of homosexually active men's witting and unwitting deference to the hegemonic presumption that masculine men are naturally heterosexual, and its inverse, that feminine men are homosexual and are a perturbation of the natural order. We argue that this correlation is manufactured in everyday life in the world of appearances, but that the appearance of things is not reflected at a level of practice, which is to say, male homosexual practice is not necessarily feminine, just as male heterosexual practice is not necessarily masculine. Realities that conflict with the hegemonic realities are masked in the public world, for a variety of reasons. What we have called closet dynamics are the various discourses through which homosexuality is concealed and disclosed, and the various subject positions people take up in relation to those discourses.
本文审视了这样一种假设,即男性同性恋与女性气质天然亲近,而男性异性恋与男性气质天然亲近。本文的重点是分析人们对自身同性恋行为或身份的披露或隐瞒之间的关系,尤其是这种关系与霸权男性气质和女性气质观念的关联。本文认为,日常对同性恋的理解往往以这样一种方式得以解决,即将同性恋纳入为赋予男性、男性气质和异性恋主体性以特权的服务之中。这种特权的赋予,部分是由于积极参与同性恋行为的男性有意无意地顺从霸权假定,即阳刚的男性天然是异性恋,反之,阴柔的男性是同性恋且是对自然秩序的一种扰乱。我们认为,这种关联是在表象世界的日常生活中人为制造出来的,但事物的表象在实践层面并未得到反映,也就是说,男性同性恋行为不一定是阴柔的,正如男性异性恋行为不一定是阳刚的。出于各种原因,与霸权现实相冲突的现实在公共世界中被掩盖了。我们所称的“出柜动态”是指那些用于隐瞒和披露同性恋的各种话语,以及人们相对于这些话语所占据的各种主体位置。