Williams R L, Zyzanski S J, Flocke S A, Kelly R B, Acheson L S
Department of Family Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Acad Med. 1998 Mar;73(3):333-5. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199803000-00023.
(1) To summarize the judgments of family medicine department leaders regarding the elements leading to success in promotion and/or tenure, and (2) to compare the views of department leaders with those of family medicine faculty who have been successfully promoted.
Two surveys were conducted. The first was of 296 associate professor members of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine in November 1993. The second, conducted in the summer of 1994, was of all 115 U.S. members of the Association of Departments of Family Medicine; surveys were addressed to chairs, directors, or promotion and tenure committee chairs. Both survey instruments requested data regarding each respondent's department, impressions about the promotion and tenure processes at the respondent's institution, and general impressions regarding the characteristics of successful candidates. Comparisons of the responses to the two questionnaires were made using two-tailed t-tests; responses to open-ended questions were analyzed qualitatively by two independent investigators.
In all, 75% of the department leaders and 67% of the associate professors returned completed questionnaires. The two groups had similar views about the importance of certain academic activities to success at promotion and tenure. The primary difference between the groups was in their estimates of weekly time available for research and writing activities: the leaders reported that successful candidates spent a mean of 25% of their work-weeks on research and writing activities; the associate professors, on the other hand, reported spending a mean of 15% of their workweeks on these activities. The department leaders described six basic groups of critical success factors. The associate professors emphasized lack of time as a major obstacle to success.
The findings emphasize the critical importance of protected time for scholarly activities (such as research and writing) if generalists are to be promoted or tenured.
（1）总结家庭医学系领导对晋升和/或获得终身教职成功要素的判断，（2）比较系领导与成功获得晋升的家庭医学教员的观点。
进行了两项调查。第一项于1993年11月对296名家庭医学教师协会的副教授成员进行。第二项于1994年夏天对家庭医学系协会的所有115名美国成员进行；调查问卷发送给系主任、项目主任或晋升与终身教职委员会主席。两份调查问卷都要求提供有关每位受访者所在系的信息、对受访者所在机构晋升和终身教职流程的印象，以及对成功候选人特征的总体印象。使用双尾t检验对两份问卷的回答进行比较；由两名独立调查员对开放式问题的回答进行定性分析。
总体而言，75%的系领导和67%的副教授返回了完整的问卷。两组对于某些学术活动对晋升和获得终身教职成功的重要性有相似的看法。两组之间的主要差异在于他们对可用于研究和写作活动的每周时间的估计：系领导报告称成功候选人平均将其工作周的25%用于研究和写作活动；另一方面，副教授报告称他们将工作周的平均15%用于这些活动。系领导描述了六个关键成功因素的基本类别。副教授强调时间不足是成功的主要障碍。
研究结果强调，如果要晋升或授予通科医生终身教职，为学术活动（如研究和写作）留出受保护的时间至关重要。
