Ray C A, Hume K M
Department of Exercise Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Mar;30(3):387-91. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199803000-00008.
Sympathetic nerve activity has long been regarded as an important regulator of blood flow and blood pressure. Its importance has been especially recognized during exercise. The present review examines sympathetic neural adaptations to exercise training in humans obtained by sympathetic nerve recordings to nonactive skeletal muscle. Little evidence exists from both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies indicating that training alters resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). However, MSNA responses during exercise appear to be attenuated after training. This attenuation of MSNA seems to be specific to the trained muscle and not generalizable to other muscle groups. The mechanisms for the decrease in exercise-induced MSNA have been attributed to changes in both the muscle metaboreflex and muscle mechanoreflex. In addition to exercise, training has generally not altered MSNA responses to other stressors such as cold pressor test, lower body negative pressure, and upright tilting. However, the effect of training on baroreflex control of MSNA is equivocal. These conclusions are based on few studies. More comprehensive training studies are needed to better understand the role of training on sympathetic neural outflow.
长期以来，交感神经活动一直被视为血流和血压的重要调节因子。其重要性在运动过程中尤其得到认可。本综述探讨了通过对非活动骨骼肌进行交感神经记录所获得的人体交感神经对运动训练的适应性。横断面研究和纵向研究均几乎没有证据表明训练会改变静息肌肉交感神经活动（MSNA）。然而，运动期间的MSNA反应在训练后似乎会减弱。MSNA的这种减弱似乎特定于训练过的肌肉，而不能推广到其他肌肉群。运动诱导的MSNA降低的机制归因于肌肉代谢反射和肌肉机械反射的变化。除了运动外，训练通常不会改变MSNA对其他应激源的反应，如冷加压试验、下体负压和直立倾斜。然而，训练对MSNA压力反射控制的影响尚不清楚。这些结论基于少数研究。需要更全面的训练研究来更好地理解训练对交感神经输出的作用。
