Trotman C A, Faraway J J, Silvester K T, Greenlee G M, Johnston L E
Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1078, USA.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1998 Mar;35(2):132-41. doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_1998_035_0132_soamft_2.3.co_2.
(1) To determine which facial landmarks show the greatest movement during specific facial animations and (2) to determine the sensitivity of our instrument in using these landmarks to detect putatively abnormal facial movements.
Movements of an array of skin-based landmarks on five healthy human subjects (2 men and 3 women; mean age, 27.6 years; range, 26 to 29 years) were observed during the execution of specific facial animations. To investigate the instrument sensitivity, we analyzed facial movements during maximal smile animations in six patients with different types of functional problems. In parallel, a panel was asked to view video recordings of the patients and to rate the degree of motor impairment. Comparisons were made between the panel scores and those of the measurement instrument.
Specific regions of the face display movement that is representative of specific animations. During the smile animation, landmarks on the mid- and lower facial regions demonstrated the greatest movement. A similar pattern of movement was seen during the cheek puff animation, except that the infraorbital and chin regions demonstrated minimal movement. For the grimace and eye closure animations, the upper, mid-facial, and upper-lip regions exhibited the greatest movement. During eye opening, the upper and mid-facial regions, excluding the upper lip and cheek, moved the most, and during lip purse, markers on the mid- and lower face demonstrated the most movement. We used the smile-sensitive landmarks to evaluate individuals with functional impairment and found good agreement between instrument rankings based on the data from these landmarks and the panel rankings.
The present method of three-dimensional tracking has the potential to detect and characterize a range of clinically significant functional deficits.
（1）确定在特定面部动画过程中哪些面部标志点移动幅度最大，以及（2）确定我们的仪器利用这些标志点检测假定异常面部运动的敏感性。
在五名健康人类受试者（2名男性和3名女性；平均年龄27.6岁；范围26至29岁）执行特定面部动画过程中，观察一系列基于皮肤的标志点的运动。为了研究仪器的敏感性，我们分析了六名患有不同类型功能问题的患者在最大微笑动画过程中的面部运动。同时，让一组人员观看患者的视频记录并对运动障碍程度进行评分。将该组人员的评分与测量仪器的评分进行比较。
面部的特定区域显示出代表特定动画的运动。在微笑动画过程中，面部中下部区域的标志点移动幅度最大。在脸颊鼓起动画过程中也观察到类似的运动模式，只是眶下和下巴区域的运动最小。对于鬼脸和闭眼动画，面部上半部分、中部以及上唇区域的运动幅度最大。在睁眼过程中，除上唇和脸颊外的面部上半部分和中部区域移动最多，而在噘嘴过程中，面部中下部的标志点移动最多。我们使用对微笑敏感的标志点来评估有功能障碍的个体，发现基于这些标志点的数据得出的仪器排名与该组人员的排名之间具有良好的一致性。
目前的三维跟踪方法有潜力检测和表征一系列具有临床意义的功能缺陷。
