Bardet J F
Referral Surgical Practice, Neuilly-Sur Seine--France.
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1998 Jan-Feb;34(1):42-54. doi: 10.5326/15473317-34-1-42.
The glenohumeral joint is a remarkable articulation providing the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. Glenohumeral stability results from several mechanisms, including those that do not require expenditure of energy by muscle ("passive mechanisms") and those that do ("active mechanisms"). Glenohumeral instability has been recognized in 47 shoulders of 45 dogs and one cat. Cases are presented because of chronic foreleg lameness. Shoulder joint pain is obviated by the orthopedic examination. Only 57% of the involved shoulders presented with degenerative joint disease. Signs of instability are recognized under anesthesia using a craniocaudal or mediolateral drawer sign or both. This report describes the radiographic and arthroscopic findings of shoulder instability. Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint allows identification of all intra-articular pathologies. Shoulder instability, not fully recognized in the past, appears to be the most common cause of shoulder lameness in the dog.
肩关节是一个非凡的关节，它提供了身体中所有关节中最大的活动范围。肩关节的稳定性源于多种机制，包括那些不需要肌肉消耗能量的机制（“被动机制”）和需要消耗能量的机制（“主动机制”）。在45只狗和1只猫的47个肩部中发现了肩关节不稳定。病例因慢性前肢跛行而呈现。通过骨科检查可消除肩关节疼痛。只有57%的受累肩部出现退行性关节疾病。在麻醉下使用头侧尾侧或中外侧抽屉征或两者来识别不稳定体征。本报告描述了肩部不稳定的影像学和关节镜检查结果。肩关节镜检查可识别所有关节内病变。过去未被充分认识的肩部不稳定似乎是犬类肩部跛行的最常见原因。
