Estévez-González A, García-Sánchez C, Barraquer-Bordas L
Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Universitat de Barcelona, España.
Rev Neurol. 1997 Dec;25(148):1976-88.
To describe the current typology and different processes involved in memory and learning, as well as adequate tests in the diagnosis of the mnesic disorders.
We reviewed the most recent studies about functional and lesional neuroanatomy of memory and learning and their neurophysiological bases (cellular and biochemical), with special emphasis in studies published in the three last years. We structured a typological classification, we expose the processes involved in short-term and long-term memory, we detailed the mnesic processes of declarative and implicit type, and we expose profiles of amnesias frequent in the clinical neurology and neuropsychology.
Memory is not a diffuse and unitary process in our brain, neither amnesia is an absolute loss of memory. The multidimensional combination of two temporary memories (short- and long-term) and three mnesic processes ('working memory', explicit and implicit memory-learning) increases our capacity to memorize and learn, and it allows us to store the information in distinctive periods, with different mechanisms and covering different necessities. Patients with amnesia exhibit distinctive profiles of mnesic processes affected.
描述当前记忆与学习所涉及的类型学及不同过程，以及记忆障碍诊断中的适当测试。
我们回顾了关于记忆与学习的功能及损伤性神经解剖学及其神经生理学基础（细胞和生化）的最新研究，特别强调了过去三年发表的研究。我们构建了一种类型学分类，阐述了短期和长期记忆所涉及的过程，详细说明了陈述性和内隐性记忆类型的记忆过程，并展示了临床神经学和神经心理学中常见的失忆症特征。
记忆在我们大脑中并非是一个弥散且单一的过程，失忆症也并非是记忆的绝对丧失。两种临时记忆（短期和长期）与三种记忆过程（“工作记忆”、显性和隐性记忆学习）的多维组合增强了我们记忆和学习的能力，使我们能够在不同时期，通过不同机制并满足不同需求来存储信息。失忆症患者表现出受影响的记忆过程的独特特征。
