Detection of changes in timbre and harmonicity in complex sounds by zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) and budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus).

Thresholds for detecting alterations in the timbre and harmonicity of complex harmonic signals were measured in zebra finches, budgerigars, and humans. The stimuli used in this experiment were designed to have particular salience for zebra finches by modeling them after natural zebra finch calls. All 3 species showed similar abilities for detecting an amplitude decrement in a single component of a harmonic complex. However, zebra finches and budgerigars were extraordinarily sensitive to the mistunings of single harmonics and exhibited significantly lower thresholds compared with humans at 2 different fundamental frequencies, 570 Hz and 285 Hz. Randomizing relative phases of components in a harmonic stimulus resulted in a significant increase in threshold for detecting mistunings in zebra finches but not in humans. Decreasing the duration of mistuned harmonic stimuli resulted in higher thresholds for both birds and humans. The overall superiority of birds in discriminating inharmonicity suggests that birds and mammals may use different strategies in processing these complex harmonic sounds.