Van Vactor D, O'Reilly A M, Neel B G
Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1998 Feb;8(1):112-26. doi: 10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80070-1.
Genetic analysis has enhanced our understanding of the biological roles of many protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). More recently, studies utilizing both spontaneous mutants and mutants induced by homologous recombination techniques have begun to yield key insights into the role of specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and to suggest how PTKs and PTPs interact. Specific PTPs in Saccharomyces cerevesiae and Schizomyces pombe regulate MAP kinase pathways. Several Drosophila receptor PTPs control axonal targeting pathways, whereas the non-receptor PTP Corkscrew (Csw), plays an essential positive signaling role in multiple developmental pathways directed by receptor PTKs. The vertebrate homolog of Csw, SHP-2, also is required for growth factor signaling and normal development. Finally, very recent studies of other mammalian PTPs suggest that they have critical roles in processes as diverse as hematopoiesis and liver and pituitary development.
基因分析增进了我们对许多蛋白酪氨酸激酶（PTK）生物学作用的理解。最近，利用自发突变体和同源重组技术诱导的突变体进行的研究，已开始对特定蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶（PTP）的作用产生关键见解，并揭示了PTK和PTP如何相互作用。酿酒酵母和粟酒裂殖酵母中的特定PTP调节丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）途径。几种果蝇受体PTP控制轴突靶向途径，而非受体PTP Corkscrew（Csw）在受体PTK指导的多个发育途径中发挥重要的正向信号作用。Csw的脊椎动物同源物SHP-2对于生长因子信号传导和正常发育也是必需的。最后，对其他哺乳动物PTP的最新研究表明，它们在造血、肝脏和垂体发育等多种过程中发挥着关键作用。
