Seitz H K, Oneta C M
Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
Nutr Rev. 1998 Feb;56(2 Pt 1):52-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01692.x.
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) consists of a family of isozymes that convert alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes using NAD+ as a cofactor. The metabolism of ethanol by gastrointestinal ADH isozymes results in the production of acetaldehyde, a highly toxic compound that binds to cellular protein and DNA if not further metabolized to acetate by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes. Acetaldehyde seems to be involved in ethanol-associated cocarcinogenesis. The metabolism of retinol and the generation of retinoic acid is a function of class I and class IV ADH, and its inhibition by alcohol may lead to an alteration of epithelial cell differentiation and cell growth and may also be involved in ethanol-associated gastrointestinal cocarcinogenesis.
酒精脱氢酶（ADH）由一组同工酶组成，这些同工酶以NAD⁺作为辅因子将醇类转化为相应的醛类。胃肠道ADH同工酶对乙醇的代谢会产生乙醛，如果乙醛不被乙醛脱氢酶同工酶进一步代谢为乙酸盐，它就是一种剧毒化合物，会与细胞蛋白质和DNA结合。乙醛似乎参与了乙醇相关的协同致癌作用。视黄醇的代谢和视黄酸的生成是I类和IV类ADH的功能，而酒精对其的抑制可能导致上皮细胞分化和细胞生长的改变，也可能参与乙醇相关的胃肠道协同致癌作用。
