Fromme H, Oddoy A, Lahrz T, Piloty M, Gruhlke U
Institut für Umweltanalytik und Humantoxikologie Berlin.
Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1998 Feb;200(5-6):505-20.
Air quality, in particular in urban regions, is affected by the emissions of the traffic and meanwhile for some substances motor vehicles became the dominating source. For valid quantitative risk assessment of the general population it is necessary to have informations about the main routes of exposure. Therefore in a pilot study 1994 and two times in summer 1995 and winter 1996 aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were determined under different meteorologic conditions inside of a car (a two year old VW-Golf with a three-way catalyst) and in a subway-train. The car route followed the subway (31 km underground) and crossed the central parts of Berlin in streets with high traffic density. The mean values for benzene obtained during the three measurement periods inside the car were 21.1/21.5 and 21.6 micrograms/m3 (daily maximum: 31.9/26.3 and 35.0 micrograms/m3) and inside the subway 8.4/5.4 and 7.4 micrograms/m3 (daily maximum: 16.0/7.4 and 10.3 micrograms/m3). The mean levels of CO in the car were 6 ppm (summer) and 5 ppm (winter) respectively, with peak concentrations of 33 and 70 ppm (10-minutes maximum). In the subway the values were 2 ppm (summer and winter); (10-minutes maximum: 5 and 12 ppm). A comparison between the two types of traffic shows three times higher concentrations of benzene inside the car. Our results demonstrate that the exposure of car occupants to benzene has to be taken into account for risk assessment. The concentration of CO inside the car is three to four times higher than in the subway train. Compared with other studies we found only low concentrations of CO inside the car.
空气质量，尤其是城市地区的空气质量，受到交通排放的影响，同时对于某些物质而言，机动车已成为主要排放源。为了对普通人群进行有效的定量风险评估，有必要了解主要的暴露途径。因此，在1994年的一项试点研究以及1995年夏季和1996年冬季各进行了一次研究，在一辆汽车（一辆使用三元催化器的两年车龄大众高尔夫）内部和一辆地铁列车内，于不同气象条件下测定了芳香烃、一氧化碳（CO）和二氧化碳（CO₂）。汽车行驶路线与地铁线路一致（地下31公里），并穿过柏林交通密度高的市中心街道。在汽车内三个测量期间测得的苯的平均值分别为21.1/21.5和21.6微克/立方米（每日最大值：31.9/26.3和35.0微克/立方米），在地铁内为8.4/5.4和7.4微克/立方米（每日最大值：16.0/7.4和10.3微克/立方米）。汽车内CO的平均水平夏季为ppm，冬季为5 ppm，峰值浓度分别为33 ppm和70 ppm（10分钟最大值）。在地铁内，该值为2 ppm（夏季和冬季）；（10分钟最大值：5 ppm和12 ppm）。两种交通方式的比较显示，车内苯的浓度高出三倍。我们的结果表明，在风险评估中必须考虑车内乘客接触苯的情况。车内CO的浓度比地铁列车内高三到四倍。与其他研究相比，我们发现车内CO浓度较低。
