Aniskin V M, Lavrenchenko L A, Varshavskiĭ A A, Milishnikov A N
Severtsov Institute of the Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Genetika. 1998 Jan;34(1):93-9.
Karyotypes of two African mouse species, Mus mahomet, 2n = 36, NFa = 34 (34A + XA + YA) and Mus sp. A, 2n = 34, NFa = 32 (32A + XA + YA), from five localities of the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, were analyzed. In both species all autosomes contained C-positive pericentromeric blocks. In M. mahomet, heterochromatin blocks of different chromosomes varied in size. In addition, the X chromosomes of both species contained a pericentromeric block and showed more intensive staining throughout the chromosome. The Y chromosome was two times larger in Mus sp. A than in M. mahomet and C-positive in both species. Comparative analysis of G-banding patterns revealed a similarity with respect to nine autosomes and the X chromosome. Autosome 1 of Mus sp. A was demonstrated to result from centromere-telomere fusion of two M. mahomet acrocentrics. The other five autosomes represent different linkage groups determining a specificity of the karyotypes. The karyotypes of M. mahomet and Mus sp. A were also compared with that of M. musculus. The evolution of M. mahomet and Mus sp. A karyotypes was shown to have involved structural rearrangements in 10 and 12 autosomes, respectively. The high karyological divergence confirmed molecular phylogenetic data. The cytogenetic differences T of M. musculus C from M. mahomet and Mus sp. A are high enough to different genera.
对来自埃塞俄比亚巴勒山国家公园五个地点的两种非洲小鼠——穆氏小家鼠（Mus mahomet），2n = 36，NFa = 34（34条常染色体 + X染色体 + Y染色体）和A种小家鼠（Mus sp. A），2n = 34，NFa = 32（32条常染色体 + X染色体 + Y染色体）的核型进行了分析。在这两个物种中，所有常染色体都含有C阳性的着丝粒周围区域。在穆氏小家鼠中，不同染色体的异染色质区域大小各异。此外，这两个物种的X染色体都含有一个着丝粒周围区域，并且在整个染色体上显示出更强的染色。A种小家鼠的Y染色体比穆氏小家鼠的大两倍，且在两个物种中均为C阳性。G带模式的比较分析显示，在九条常染色体和X染色体方面存在相似性。已证明A种小家鼠的常染色体1是由穆氏小家鼠的两条近端着丝粒染色体的着丝粒 - 端粒融合形成的。其他五条常染色体代表不同的连锁群，决定了核型的特异性。还将穆氏小家鼠和A种小家鼠的核型与小家鼠（Mus musculus）的核型进行了比较。结果表明，穆氏小家鼠和A种小家鼠核型的进化分别涉及10条和12条常染色体的结构重排。高度的核型差异证实了分子系统发育数据。小家鼠与穆氏小家鼠和A种小家鼠之间的细胞遗传学差异足以区分不同的属。
