Elbers A R, Miltenburg J D, De Lange D, Crauwels A P, Barkema H W, Schukken Y H
Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Animal Health Service, The Netherlands.
J Dairy Sci. 1998 Feb;81(2):420-6. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75592-4.
The incidence of clinical mastitis in dairy cows was estimated in 171 randomly selected dairy herds from the southern part of The Netherlands. A total of 1103 quarter cases was reported. The mean annual incidence rate was 12.7 quarter cases/yr per 100 cows. The modeling incidence rate of clinical mastitis at the herd level indicated that a number of risk factors were associated with a higher rate of clinical mastitis: one or more cows that were leaking milk, one or more cows with trampled teats, no disinfection of the maternity area after calving, consistent use of post-milking teat disinfection, Red and White cattle (Meuse-Rhine-Yssel) as the predominant breed, and an annual bulk milk somatic cell count < 150,000 cells/ml. The following risk factors were associated with a higher rate of clinical mastitis caused by Escherichia coli: cows with trampled teats, no disinfection of the maternity area after calving, consistent use of post-milking teat disinfection, use of a thick layer of bedding in the stall, and the stripping of foremilk before cluster attachment. The following risk factors were associated with a higher rate of clinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus: Red and White cattle (Meuse-Rhine-Yssel) as the predominant breed, cows with trampled teats, the stripping of foremilk before cluster attachment, no regular disinfection of the stall, no regular replacement of stall bedding, and an annual bulk milk somatic cell count < 150,000 cells/ml.
在荷兰南部随机选取了171个奶牛场，对奶牛临床型乳腺炎的发病率进行了评估。共报告了1103个乳房病例。年平均发病率为每100头奶牛每年12.7个乳房病例。畜群水平上临床型乳腺炎的建模发病率表明，一些风险因素与较高的临床型乳腺炎发病率相关：有一头或多头奶牛漏奶、有一头或多头奶牛乳头被踩踏、产犊后产房未消毒、始终使用挤奶后乳头消毒、以红白花牛（默兹-莱茵-伊塞尔牛）为主要品种以及年度原料奶体细胞计数<150,000个细胞/毫升。以下风险因素与大肠杆菌引起的临床型乳腺炎发病率较高相关：乳头被踩踏的奶牛、产犊后产房未消毒、始终使用挤奶后乳头消毒、在牛舍使用厚厚的一层垫料以及在安装挤奶杯组前挤出前奶。以下风险因素与金黄色葡萄球菌引起的临床型乳腺炎发病率较高相关：以红白花牛（默兹-莱茵-伊塞尔牛）为主要品种、乳头被踩踏的奶牛、在安装挤奶杯组前挤出前奶、牛舍不定期消毒、牛舍垫料不定期更换以及年度原料奶体细胞计数<150,000个细胞/毫升。
