Coulthard P, Craig D
University of Manchester Dental School.
Dent Update. 1997 Nov;24(9):376-81.
Some patients are anxious about routine dental treatment; others, who may be able to cope with uncomplicated treatment, are worried by more unpleasant procedures such as minor oral surgery. Management approaches to anxiety vary according to its severity, the age of the patient, the degree of cooperation and the patient's medical history. Psychological approaches have been widely used and range from informal and common-sense methods to formal relaxation training and hypnosis. These techniques are safe, free from adverse effects and give the patient a sense of control. An increasing number of patients are managed with conscious sedation techniques in combination with local anaesthesia and the more severely anxious and uncooperative may require treatment under general anaesthesia. As patient awareness of the risk of anaesthesia and the availability of sedation have increased, so the popularity of conscious sedation for dentistry has increased.
一些患者对常规牙科治疗感到焦虑；而另一些患者虽然能够应对简单的治疗，但却会因诸如小型口腔手术等更令人不适的操作而担忧。针对焦虑的管理方法会因其严重程度、患者年龄、合作程度以及患者病史的不同而有所差异。心理方法已被广泛应用，范围从非正式的常识性方法到正式的放松训练和催眠。这些技术是安全的，没有副作用，并且能让患者有一种掌控感。越来越多的患者采用清醒镇静技术并结合局部麻醉进行治疗，而那些焦虑情绪更严重且不合作的患者可能需要在全身麻醉下接受治疗。随着患者对麻醉风险的认知以及镇静方法可用性的提高，牙科清醒镇静的普及程度也随之增加。
