Harding L K
Physics and Nuclear Medicine Department, City Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.
Br J Radiol. 1997 Nov;70 Spec No:S10-6. doi: 10.1259/bjr.1997.0003.
This is a historical review of selected events in radiation protection of medical relevance since the discovery of X-rays. The report concentrates on the period 1895-1970. Key points were difficulty of measuring dose, rapid dissemination of the use of radiation for all sorts of illness, and regulation by professional bodies rather than by legislation. Both World Wars saw a huge expansion in the use of ionizing radiation, but the second war prevented international collaboration, which had begun formally in 1925. Early radiation deaths, and nuclear accidents have caused concerns about radiation safety, and although dose limits have been successively reduced, these concerns have not been overcome. Since the Second World War radiation safety has been subject to more and more legislation although professional bodies still have an important advisory role. Development of the main radiation safety committees both in the UK, US and internationally is described with emphasis on the particular role of the British Institute of Radiology.
这是一篇对自X射线发现以来医学相关辐射防护领域特定事件的历史回顾。该报告聚焦于1895年至1970年这一时期。要点包括剂量测量的困难、辐射在各类疾病治疗中的迅速普及，以及由专业机构而非立法进行监管。两次世界大战期间电离辐射的使用都大幅增加，但第二次世界大战阻碍了始于1925年的国际合作。早期的辐射致死事件和核事故引发了对辐射安全的担忧，尽管剂量限值已相继降低，但这些担忧仍未消除。自第二次世界大战以来，辐射安全受到越来越多的立法约束，不过专业机构仍发挥着重要的咨询作用。文中描述了英国、美国及国际上主要辐射安全委员会的发展情况，重点介绍了英国放射学会的特殊作用。
