van Loon A M, van der Avoort H G
Academish Ziekenhuis, Eijkman-Winkler Instituut voor Microbiologie, Infectieziekten en Ontsteking, Utrecht.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1997 Jul 19;141(29):1420-4.
Global eradication of poliomyelitis was started in 1988. Polio eradication is considered feasible on theoretical and practical grounds, is cost-effective and is endorsed at the highest political levels. The strategy is based on (a) increasing vaccination coverage through routine immunization, national immunization days and so-called mopping-up campaigns, (b) improving surveillance, and (c) polio-free certification. Since the start of the programme global vaccination coverage increased from 67% in 1988 to 83% in 1995; the number of reported cases--an estimated 10% of the total number--decreased by 90% from 35,251 (1988) to 3,755 (1996). A rapid further decrease is expected with the start of national immunization days on the Indian subcontinent. In the next years the emphasis will be strongly on surveillance i.e. detection of possible polio patients and (wild) poliovirus circulation. All countries will need to implement reliable surveillance to show their polio-free status. Only then can the world be declared polio-free.
全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动始于1988年。从理论和实际角度来看，根除脊髓灰质炎是可行的，具有成本效益，并得到了最高政治层面的认可。该战略基于以下几点：（a）通过常规免疫、国家免疫日以及所谓的扫荡式免疫活动提高疫苗接种覆盖率；（b）加强监测；（c）无脊髓灰质炎认证。自该计划启动以来，全球疫苗接种覆盖率从1988年的67%提高到了1995年的83%；报告病例数（估计占总数的10%）从1988年的35251例减少到1996年的3755例，降幅达90%。随着印度次大陆国家免疫日的启动，预计病例数将进一步迅速下降。在接下来的几年里，重点将强烈放在监测上，即发现可能的脊髓灰质炎患者以及（野生）脊髓灰质炎病毒的传播情况。所有国家都需要实施可靠的监测，以证明其无脊髓灰质炎状态。只有到那时，才能宣布全球无脊髓灰质炎。
