Jaquet D, Leger J, Levy-Marchal C, Oury J F, Czernichow P
INSERM U-457, Hôpital R. Debré, Paris, France.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Apr;83(4):1243-6. doi: 10.1210/jcem.83.4.4731.
The aim of this study was to investigate the ontogeny of serum leptin concentrations during the second half of gestation and at birth in small for gestational age and normal fetuses and newborns. Serum leptin concentrations were measured in arterial cord blood of fetuses (n = 79) and newborns (n = 132), with or without intrauterine growth retardation, at 18-42 weeks gestation. Serum leptin was detectable in fetal cord blood in all subjects as early as 18 weeks gestation. Leptin levels dramatically increased after 34 weeks gestation. In newborns, serum leptin concentrations were positively correlated with body weight (P < 0.001) and body mass index (P < 0.001). Newborns with intrauterine growth retardation had significantly lower serum leptin values (P < 0.001) than those with normal growth, and leptin levels were only positively correlated with body mass index (P < 0.001). These results suggest that the development of adipose tissue and the accumulation of fat mass are the major determinants of fetal and neonatal serum leptin levels. In addition, a gender difference, with higher leptin concentrations in female fetuses, was observed during the last weeks of gestation and was confirmed at birth regardless of growth status, suggesting that a sexual dimorphism already exists in utero.
本研究的目的是调查小于胎龄儿和正常胎儿及新生儿在妊娠后半期和出生时血清瘦素浓度的个体发生情况。在妊娠18 - 42周时，对有或无宫内生长迟缓的胎儿（n = 79）和新生儿（n = 132）的动脉脐血中的血清瘦素浓度进行了测量。早在妊娠18周时，所有受试者的胎儿脐血中均可检测到血清瘦素。妊娠34周后，瘦素水平急剧上升。在新生儿中，血清瘦素浓度与体重（P < 0.001）和体重指数（P < 0.001）呈正相关。患有宫内生长迟缓的新生儿血清瘦素值显著低于生长正常的新生儿（P < 0.001），且瘦素水平仅与体重指数呈正相关（P < 0.001）。这些结果表明，脂肪组织的发育和脂肪量的积累是胎儿和新生儿血清瘦素水平的主要决定因素。此外，在妊娠最后几周观察到性别差异，即女胎的瘦素浓度较高，且无论生长状况如何，出生时均得到证实，这表明子宫内已经存在性别差异。
