Huxley A K
University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 1998 Mar;43(2):423-6.
Calculation of gestational age from forensic fetal remains may be problematic. If soft-tissue indicators are not available, then diaphyseal lengths obtained through sonograms on living fetuses in utero or radiographs of long bones can be compared to known European standards, such as Fazekas and Kósa (1978) and Olivier and Pineau (1958, 1960). Radiographic comparison to these European standards, however, requires a correction factor for diaphyseal shrinkage from fresh to dry states. Percent shrinkage is calculated for six diaphyses (humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia and fibula) from Petersohn and Köhler's data published in Fazekas and Kósa (1978:362-369). Average shrinkage, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values are calculated for each diaphysis and for all diaphyses during 4-10 lunar months (LM) and newborns. Corresponding average and standard deviation values are as follows: 4 LM-10.09% +/- 2.67%; 5 LM-5.74% +/- 0.84%; 6 LM-3.48% +/- 0.49%; 7 LM-2.32% +/- 0.16%; 8 LM-2.18% +/- 0.51%; 9 LM-1.76% +/- 0.14%; 10 LM-1.90% +/- 0.59%; and newborns-1.28% +/- 0.55%. Analysis of these values suggests that percent shrinkage steadily declines as the fetus ages. This pattern presumably reflects calcification of bone during growth and development in utero. These findings demonstrate a significant shrinkage in the diaphysis early in development, which may alter accurate age estimation in the earliest fetal age groups.
根据法医鉴定的胎儿遗骸计算孕周可能存在问题。如果无法获得软组织指标，那么通过对子宫内活体胎儿进行超声检查或长骨X光片获得的骨干长度，可以与已知的欧洲标准进行比较，如法泽卡斯和科萨（1978年）以及奥利维尔和皮诺（1958年、1960年）的标准。然而，与这些欧洲标准进行X光片比较时，需要考虑骨干从新鲜状态到干燥状态的收缩校正因子。根据法泽卡斯和科萨（1978年：362 - 369页）发表的彼得松和克勒的数据，计算六个骨干（肱骨、尺骨、桡骨、股骨、胫骨和腓骨）的收缩百分比。计算每个骨干以及4 - 10个农历月（LM）和新生儿所有骨干的平均收缩率、标准差、最小值和最大值。相应的平均值和标准差如下：4 LM - 10.09% ± 2.67%；5 LM - 5.74% ± 0.84%；6 LM - 3.48% ± 0.49%；7 LM - 2.32% ± 0.16%；8 LM - 2.18% ± 0.51%；9 LM - 1.76% ± 0.14%；10 LM - 1.90% ± 0.59%；新生儿 - 1.28% ± 0.55%。对这些值的分析表明，随着胎儿年龄的增长，收缩百分比稳步下降。这种模式可能反映了子宫内生长发育过程中骨骼的钙化。这些发现表明，在发育早期骨干会有显著收缩，这可能会改变最早胎儿年龄组的准确年龄估计。
