Bunzli W F, Wright D H, Hoang A T, Dahms R D, Hass W F, Rotschafer J C
College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Pharmacotherapy. 1998 Mar-Apr;18(2):227-34.
Human bites should be considered dangerous injuries with potentially serious complications. Their characteristics vary from an uninfected abrasion to a serious infection such as cellulitis or osteomyelitis. An estimated 10% of the injuries become infected; suspected pathogens include oral and skin flora. Management consists of history and examination, wound care, surgical intervention if necessary, assessment of risk of disease transmission, and appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment. The best choice for oral or intravenous antibiotic therapy remains the combination of a beta-lactam antibiotic with a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Among the most serious human bites are clenched fist injuries, which often require surgical intervention and intravenous antibiotic therapy.
人类咬伤应被视为具有潜在严重并发症的危险损伤。其特征从未感染的擦伤到严重感染，如蜂窝织炎或骨髓炎不等。估计有10%的损伤会发生感染；疑似病原体包括口腔和皮肤菌群。处理包括病史采集和检查、伤口护理、必要时的手术干预、疾病传播风险评估以及适当的抗生素预防或治疗。口服或静脉用抗生素治疗的最佳选择仍然是β-内酰胺类抗生素与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的联合使用。最严重的人类咬伤之一是紧握拳头损伤，这种损伤通常需要手术干预和静脉用抗生素治疗。
