Raehl C L, Bond C A, Pitterle M E
Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo 79106, USA.
Pharmacotherapy. 1998 Mar-Apr;18(2):302-26.
To determine the extent of hospital-based clinical pharmacy services in 1995, we surveyed 1109 United States acute care, general, medical-surgical, and pediatric hospitals with 50 or more licensed beds. Fifteen clinical pharmacy services were assessed to determine pharmacists' specific patient care responsibilities. The percentage of hospitals offering services grew between 1992 and 1995: pharmacokinetic consultations (16% increase), drug therapy protocol management (15%), drug therapy monitoring (8%), drug counseling (13%), and parenteral-enteral nutrition team (6%). All other services increased 0-5%. Pharmacists conducted clinical research in 14% of hospitals, averaging 6.3+/-22.1 protocols/department annually; total budget $96,219+/-$262,026. Patient-focused care predominated in 20% of hospitals, although most pharmacists reported to directors of pharmacy through traditional pharmacy department channels. Clinical pharmacy services continue to expand, with pharmacists providing higher-level direct patient care activities related to drug therapy management and monitoring.
为了确定1995年以医院为基础的临床药学服务范围，我们对美国1109家拥有50张或更多许可床位的急症护理、综合、内科-外科及儿科医院进行了调查。评估了15项临床药学服务以确定药师具体的患者护理职责。1992年至1995年间提供服务的医院百分比有所增长：药代动力学咨询（增长16%）、药物治疗方案管理（15%）、药物治疗监测（8%）、药物咨询（13%）以及肠外-肠内营养团队（6%）。所有其他服务增长了0%至5%。14%的医院中有药师开展临床研究，各科室平均每年6.3±22.1项方案；总预算为96,219±262,026美元。20%的医院以患者为中心的护理占主导地位，尽管大多数药师通过传统药房部门渠道向药房主任汇报工作。临床药学服务持续扩展，药师在药物治疗管理和监测方面提供更高级别的直接患者护理活动。
