Bond C A, Raehl C L, Pitterle M E
School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Pharmacotherapy. 1994 May-Jun;14(3):282-304.
To determine the extent of hospital-based clinical pharmacy services in 1992.
National survey with trend comparison to 1989.
All 1597 United States acute care, general medical-surgical and pediatric hospitals with 50 or more licensed beds and one or more full-time pharmacists (43% of all U.S. hospitals).
Fourteen clinical pharmacy services, carefully defined to indicate pharmacist proactive or concurrent patient care provision, were assessed to determine pharmacists' specific patient care responsibilities. The percentage of hospitals offering each of the services increased from 1989 to 1992, with greatest growth in management of adverse drug reactions (22% increase), pharmacokinetic consultations (14%), and drug therapy protocols (12%). The mean percentage of patients actually receiving clinical pharmacy services ranged from 0.2% for pharmacist participation on the cardiac arrest team to 36.1% for daily monitoring of drug therapy. Pharmacists conducted clinical research in 13% of all hospitals, averaging 3.9 +/- 4.3 protocols per year with a total budget of $79,765 +/- $128,641.
Clinical pharmacy services continue to expand; however, even the most common direct patient care service is provided to a small number of inpatients.
确定1992年医院临床药学服务的范围。
与1989年进行趋势比较的全国性调查。
美国所有1597家急性病护理、普通内科-外科及儿科医院，这些医院拥有50张或更多许可床位且有一名或多名全职药剂师（占美国所有医院的43%）。
评估了14项临床药学服务（经过精心定义以表明药剂师主动或同步提供患者护理），以确定药剂师具体的患者护理职责。从1989年到1992年，提供各项服务的医院百分比均有所增加，其中药物不良反应管理（增加22%）、药代动力学咨询（增加14%）和药物治疗方案（增加12%）增长最为显著。实际接受临床药学服务的患者平均百分比范围从药剂师参与心脏骤停团队的0.2%到药物治疗每日监测的36.1%。13%的医院中，药剂师开展了临床研究，平均每年3.9±4.3项方案，总预算为79,765±128,641美元。
临床药学服务持续扩展；然而，即使是最常见的直接患者护理服务，也仅提供给少数住院患者。
