Okonek S, Boelcke G, Hollmann H
Eur J Intensive Care Med. 1976;2(1):13-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00571891.
Human blood was contaminated with nitrostigmine, dimethoate and demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide. It was then dialysed, concentrations of organophosphates were determined and dialysance values calculated. The influence of blood exchange transfusion on poison elimination as well as on the cholinesterase activity of blood, brain and muscle was studied in rats poisoned with nitrostigmine. Haemodialysis was found to be quite an effective method for eliminating demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate, dialysance values of 52.98 ml/min and 59.07 ml/min being found for demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate respectively. Nitrostigmine could not be removed by haemodialysis. These findings suggest that haemodialysis could be of therapeutic value in the treatment of severe demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate poisoning in man. By blood exchange transfusion only 0.06% of the injected dose of nitrostigmine could be removed from the body of poisoned rats. Acetylcholinesterase activity increased only briefly in the period of blood exchange transfusion and decreased gradually afterwards. The enzymatic activity of brain and muscle was unaffected. Therefore, blood exchange transfusion has, if any at all, only poor therapeutic properties in nitrostigmine intoxication.
人体血液被毒扁豆碱、乐果和甲基内吸磷亚砜污染。然后对其进行透析，测定有机磷酸盐的浓度并计算透析率值。研究了换血疗法对毒扁豆碱中毒大鼠毒物清除以及血液、脑和肌肉胆碱酯酶活性的影响。发现血液透析是清除甲基内吸磷亚砜和乐果的有效方法，甲基内吸磷亚砜和乐果的透析率值分别为52.98毫升/分钟和59.07毫升/分钟。血液透析无法清除毒扁豆碱。这些发现表明，血液透析在治疗人类严重甲基内吸磷亚砜和乐果中毒方面可能具有治疗价值。通过换血疗法，中毒大鼠体内仅能清除0.06%的注射剂量毒扁豆碱。乙酰胆碱酯酶活性仅在换血期间短暂升高，随后逐渐下降。脑和肌肉的酶活性未受影响。因此，换血疗法在毒扁豆碱中毒中即使有治疗作用，也非常有限。
