Kwong T C, Shearer D
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1998 Mar;25(1):43-64. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70357-0.
Several methods of drug testing are efficacious in identifying and monitoring drug use during pregnancy. Urine screening remains the most commonly used method despite the limited period during which drugs can be detected. Hair has been recognized as a possible alternate test specimen, but wider acceptance of hair testing must await better understanding of drug disposition in hair, answers to the issues relating to interpretation, and the development of less demanding laboratory techniques. Regardless of the matrix used, proper interpretation of the results of drug testing requires familiarity with the sensitivity, specificity, and limitations of the laboratory methodologies employed. Moreover, unconfirmed positive results may actually be false-positives and must be interpreted with caution, particularly if they are the basis for major clinical decisions.
有几种药物检测方法在识别和监测孕期药物使用方面是有效的。尽管药物检测的窗口期有限，但尿液筛查仍是最常用的方法。头发已被认为是一种可能的替代检测样本，但要更广泛地接受头发检测，还需更好地了解药物在头发中的分布情况，解决与检测结果解读相关的问题，并开发要求较低的实验室技术。无论使用何种检测样本，正确解读药物检测结果都需要熟悉所采用实验室方法的灵敏度、特异性和局限性。此外，未经确认的阳性结果可能实际上是假阳性，必须谨慎解读，尤其是当它们作为重大临床决策的依据时。
