Kuipers H, Hartgens F
Vakgroep Bewegingswetenschappen, Universiteit Maastricht.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1997 Oct 11;141(41):1965-8.
In sports, medical drugs are applied for supposedly ergogenic effects. Forbidden drug use (doping) implies that the drug enhances performance, which is not always the case. Amphetamines are ergogenic particularly during short-term, explosive exercise. Amphetamines exert an ergolytic effect on high-intensity endurance exercise. Caffeine has an ergogenic effect on endurance performance in dosages of 3 to 6 mg/kg. Doping regulations allow a small amount of caffeine intake. Androgenic and anabolic steroids elicit an increase in muscle growth and strength. In females low doses appear to be ergogenic in all sport types. beta 2-adrenergic agonists appear to have a positive effect on strength and muscle growth. The effects on endurance performance are still unknown. Although growth hormone is used in sports, scientific studies show that compared with placebo no difference in strength and muscle volume is observed. Blood doping and administration of erythropoietin are effective in enhancing endurance performance.
在体育运动中，人们使用药物以期获得所谓的增强体能效果。使用违禁药物（兴奋剂）意味着该药物能提高成绩，但情况并非总是如此。苯丙胺尤其在短期爆发性运动中具有增强体能的作用。苯丙胺对高强度耐力运动产生分解代谢作用。咖啡因在剂量为3至6毫克/千克时对耐力表现具有增强体能的作用。兴奋剂管制条例允许摄入少量咖啡因。雄激素和合成代谢类固醇会促使肌肉生长和力量增加。在女性中，低剂量似乎对所有运动类型都有增强体能的作用。β2肾上腺素能激动剂似乎对力量和肌肉生长有积极影响。其对耐力表现的影响尚不清楚。尽管生长激素被用于体育运动，但科学研究表明，与安慰剂相比，在力量和肌肉体积方面未观察到差异。血液兴奋剂和促红细胞生成素的使用在提高耐力表现方面是有效的。
