Böhm M, Luger T A
Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Germany.
Dermatology. 1998;196(1):75-9. doi: 10.1159/000017874.
It is well established that the functional state of sebaceous glands in vivo is a tightly regulated process orchestrated through the interaction of male sex hormones and functional androgen receptors expressed on sebocytes. In the last few years, however, it has become increasingly apparent that sebocytes like epidermal keratinocytes express a variety of cytokines which are implicated in inflammatory and immune responses. For example, sebocytes in vivo have been found to highly express tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) as determined by immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic methods. Moreover, certain neuropeptides including vascular intestinal peptide and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides as well as their receptors have been localized within the pilosebaceous unit of murine and human skin. Since POMC peptides such as alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone have recently been shown to exert important immunoregulatory effects by antagonizing the function of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and TNF-alpha), induction of immunosuppressive cytokines (like interleukin 10), modulation of costimulatory molecule expression (e.g. B7-2) or suppression of macrophage-derived nitric oxide, complex interactions between these mediators and their target cells within the pilosebaceous gland seem to exist. The successful cultivation of sebocytes will provide a model by which the effect of these mediators can be studied in detail in order to shed light onto the various pathophysiological conditions of sebaceous glands.
众所周知，皮脂腺在体内的功能状态是一个通过雄性激素与皮脂腺细胞上表达的功能性雄激素受体相互作用而精心调控的过程。然而，在过去几年中，越来越明显的是，皮脂腺细胞与表皮角质形成细胞一样，表达多种参与炎症和免疫反应的细胞因子。例如，通过免疫组织化学和电子显微镜方法确定，体内的皮脂腺细胞已被发现高度表达肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）。此外，某些神经肽，包括血管活性肠肽和阿片促黑激素原（POMC）肽及其受体，已定位在小鼠和人类皮肤的毛囊皮脂腺单位内。由于最近已表明，诸如α-黑素细胞刺激素等POMC肽通过拮抗促炎细胞因子（如白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6和TNF-α）的功能、诱导免疫抑制细胞因子（如白细胞介素10）、调节共刺激分子表达（如B7-2）或抑制巨噬细胞衍生的一氧化氮来发挥重要的免疫调节作用，因此在毛囊皮脂腺内这些介质与其靶细胞之间似乎存在复杂的相互作用。皮脂腺细胞的成功培养将提供一个模型，通过该模型可以详细研究这些介质的作用，以便阐明皮脂腺的各种病理生理状况。
