Thornton M Julie, Taylor Anthony H, Mulligan Kellie, Al-Azzawi Farook, Lyon Calum C, O'Driscoll John, Messenger Andrew G
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK.
J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2003 Jun;8(1):100-3. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12181.x.
Both estrogens and androgens play important parts in skin and hair physiology, although studies of estrogen action in human skin have been rather limited. Recently, a second estrogen receptor (beta) has been identified in many nonclassical target tissues, including androgen-dependent tissues. Therefore, we have revisited the role of estrogens in human skin and hair by comparing the pattern of expression by immunohistochemistry for both estrogen receptors (alpha and beta) and the androgen receptor. Immunolocalization of androgen receptors was only seen in hair follicle dermal papilla cells and the basal cells of the sebaceous gland. Little specific staining of estrogen receptor alpha was seen anywhere except the sebaceous gland. In contrast estrogen receptor beta was highly expressed in epidermis, blood vessels, and dermal fibroblasts, whereas in the hair follicle it was localized to nuclei of the outer root sheath, epithelial matrix, and dermal papilla cells. Serial sections also showed strong nuclear expression of estrogen receptor beta in the cells of the bulge, whereas neither estrogen receptor alpha or androgen receptor was expressed. In the sebaceous gland, estrogen receptor beta was expressed in both basal and partially differentiated sebocytes in a similar pattern to estrogen receptor alpha. There was no obvious difference in the expression of either estrogen receptor in male or female nonbalding scalp skin. The results of this immunohistochemical study propose that estrogen receptor beta and not estrogen receptor alpha is the main mediator of estrogen action in human skin and the hair follicle. Further studies with androgen-dependent skin are required to determine whether estrogen receptor beta has a regulatory role on androgen receptor expression in the hair follicle in parallel with its role in other androgen-dependent tissues.
雌激素和雄激素在皮肤和毛发生理学中均发挥着重要作用，尽管关于雌激素在人体皮肤中作用的研究相当有限。最近，在许多非经典靶组织中发现了第二种雌激素受体（β），包括雄激素依赖组织。因此，我们通过免疫组织化学比较雌激素受体（α和β）和雄激素受体的表达模式，重新审视了雌激素在人体皮肤和毛发中的作用。雄激素受体的免疫定位仅见于毛囊真皮乳头细胞和皮脂腺基底细胞。除皮脂腺外，雌激素受体α几乎未见特异性染色。相反，雌激素受体β在表皮、血管和真皮成纤维细胞中高度表达，而在毛囊中，它定位于外根鞘、上皮基质和真皮乳头细胞的细胞核。连续切片还显示，隆突细胞中雌激素受体β呈强核表达，而雌激素受体α和雄激素受体均未表达。在皮脂腺中，雌激素受体β在基底和部分分化的皮脂腺细胞中的表达模式与雌激素受体α相似。在男性和女性非脱发头皮皮肤中，两种雌激素受体的表达均无明显差异。这项免疫组织化学研究结果表明，雌激素受体β而非雌激素受体α是雌激素在人体皮肤和毛囊中发挥作用的主要介质。需要对雄激素依赖皮肤进行进一步研究，以确定雌激素受体β在毛囊中对雄激素受体表达是否具有调节作用，以及它在其他雄激素依赖组织中的作用是否类似。
