Graczyk T K, Cranfield M R, Helmer P, Fayer R, Bostwick E F
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Vet Parasitol. 1998 Jan 31;74(2-4):123-32. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00153-2.
Therapy based on the protective passive immunity of Hyperimmune Bovine Colostrum (HBC) (raised against Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy cows immunized during gestation) was tested for heterologous efficacy in subclinical and clinical infections of 12 captive snakes with C. serpentis. Six gastric HBC treatments of 1% snake weight at 1-week intervals each, have histologically cleared C. serpentis in three subclinically infected snakes, and regressed gastric histopathological changes in one of these snakes. In all snakes, each subsequent HBC treatment significantly decreased the number of oocysts recovered in gastric lavage eluants (P < 0.03). The treatments induced oocyst-negative gastric eluants and stools in all snakes, and improved clinical signs of infection. Clinically infected snakes displayed severe histopathological changes in the gastric region; however, the numbers of developmental stages of C. serpentis were moderate. Considering the severity of pathology, much lower than expected pathogen numbers were observed, and it is believed that clinically infected snakes did not have enough time to repair tissue damage that had occurred over the years of infection. As the HBC treatment was safe and highly efficacious, it is recommended to gastrically administer the HBC therapeutically to snakes that are clinically or subclinically infected with C. serpentis. Hyperimmune bovine colostrum can also be used in snake supportive therapy or prophylaxis.
基于超免疫牛初乳（HBC）（由孕期免疫的奶牛产生，针对微小隐孢子虫）的保护性被动免疫疗法，在12条圈养感染蛇形隐孢子虫的亚临床和临床感染蛇中进行了异源疗效测试。以1%蛇体重，每隔1周进行6次胃内HBC治疗，使3条亚临床感染蛇的组织学上清除了蛇形隐孢子虫，并使其中1条蛇的胃组织病理学变化消退。在所有蛇中，每次后续的HBC治疗均显著减少了胃灌洗洗脱液中回收的卵囊数量（P < 0.03）。治疗使所有蛇的胃洗脱液和粪便中卵囊呈阴性，并改善了感染的临床症状。临床感染的蛇在胃区域表现出严重的组织病理学变化；然而，蛇形隐孢子虫的发育阶段数量适中。考虑到病理学的严重程度，观察到的病原体数量远低于预期，据信临床感染的蛇没有足够的时间修复多年感染所造成的组织损伤。由于HBC治疗安全且高效，建议对临床或亚临床感染蛇形隐孢子虫的蛇进行胃内HBC治疗。超免疫牛初乳也可用于蛇的支持治疗或预防。
