Amick B C, Kawachi I, Coakley E H, Lerner D, Levine S, Colditz G A
The Health Institute, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998 Feb;24(1):54-61. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.278.
This study examined the relationships of job strain and iso-strain psychosocial work-environment exposures to health status in a cohort of working women in the United States.
In a cross-sectional survey, 33689 women responded to the Karasek job content and the MOS SF-36 health status questionnaires. The psychosocial work-environment exposures were characterized using the job strain and iso-strain frameworks. Health status was assessed with the following 6 scales: physical functioning, vitality, freedom from pain, mental health, role limitations due to physical health, and role limitations due to emotional health.
When compared with active work, high-strain work (high job demands and low job control) was associated with lower vitality, mental health, higher pain, and increased risks of both physical and emotional role limitations. Iso-strain work (high strain and low work-related social support) increased the risks further. Job insecurity was also associated with lower health status.
The analyses supported the hypothesis that the psychosocial work environment is an important determinant of health status among working women. The findings suggest that incorporating social conditions at work into the measurement of psychosocial work-environment exposure improves the identification of high-risk work arrangements.
本研究调查了美国职业女性队列中工作压力和等压心理社会工作环境暴露与健康状况之间的关系。
在一项横断面调查中，33689名女性回答了 Karasek 工作内容问卷和 MOS SF - 36健康状况问卷。使用工作压力和等压框架对心理社会工作环境暴露进行特征描述。健康状况通过以下6个量表进行评估：身体功能、活力、无疼痛、心理健康、因身体健康导致的角色限制以及因情绪健康导致的角色限制。
与积极工作相比，高压力工作（高工作要求和低工作控制）与较低的活力、心理健康、较高的疼痛以及身体和情绪角色限制风险增加相关。等压工作（高压力和低工作相关社会支持）进一步增加了风险。工作不安全感也与较低的健康状况相关。
分析支持了心理社会工作环境是职业女性健康状况重要决定因素的假设。研究结果表明，将工作中的社会条件纳入心理社会工作环境暴露的测量中，可改善对高风险工作安排的识别。
