Lerner D J, Levine S, Malspeis S, D'Agostino R B
Health Institute, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.
Am J Public Health. 1994 Oct;84(10):1580-5. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.10.1580.
Studies of the health effects of job strain have focused on morbidity and mortality as outcomes. This is the first study to examine the relationship of job strain to more comprehensive health status measures that encompass health-related quality of life.
In a national cross-sectional survey, 1319 working men and women, aged 18 through 64 years, completed a modified version of the Job Content Questionnaire that classified workers' jobs into four categories: high strain, passive, low strain, and active. Subjects also completed the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey and a health distress scale. Logistic regression analyses were employed that controlled for age, race/ethnicity, gender, and education. Both work and nonwork variables were included.
Job strain was significantly associated with five of nine components of health-related quality of life: physical functioning, role functioning related to physical health, vitality, social functioning, and mental health. Job strain made a modest yet statistically significant contribution beyond the effects of chronic illness and psychosocial variables.
The results provide justification for further investigating the role of job strain as an independent risk factor for health-related quality of life.
关于工作压力对健康影响的研究主要关注发病率和死亡率等结果。这是第一项研究工作压力与更全面健康状况指标（包括与健康相关的生活质量）之间关系的研究。
在一项全国性横断面调查中，1319名年龄在18至64岁之间的在职男女完成了一份经过修改的工作内容问卷，该问卷将工人的工作分为四类：高压力、被动、低压力和主动。受试者还完成了医学结果研究简版健康调查和健康困扰量表。采用逻辑回归分析，并对年龄、种族/民族、性别和教育程度进行了控制。同时纳入了工作和非工作变量。
工作压力与与健康相关生活质量的九个组成部分中的五个显著相关：身体功能、与身体健康相关的角色功能、活力、社会功能和心理健康。除了慢性病和心理社会变量的影响外，工作压力也有适度但具有统计学意义的作用。
这些结果为进一步研究工作压力作为与健康相关生活质量的独立危险因素的作用提供了依据。
