Barohn R J
Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8897, USA.
Semin Neurol. 1998;18(1):7-18. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1040857.
Neuropathic disorders encompass those that affect the neuron's cell body or neuropathies, those affecting the peripheral process, or peripheral neuropathies. The peripheral neuropathies can be broadly subdivided into the myelinopathies and axonopathies. These conditions can be hereditary or acquired. Each of these disorders has distinct clinical features that enable neurologists to recognize the various patterns of presentation. Once a particular pattern is established, further laboratory studies including electrophysiologic testing, nerve biopsy, and blood and cerebrospinal fluid examination can be performed to confirm the clinical impression. Therapy is available in some to correct the underlying disease state or at least to improve symptoms.
神经病变包括那些影响神经元胞体的疾病或神经病变、影响周围突的疾病或周围神经病变。周围神经病变可大致细分为髓鞘病和轴索性神经病。这些病症可以是遗传性的或后天获得的。每种疾病都有独特的临床特征，使神经科医生能够识别各种表现形式。一旦确定了特定的表现形式，就可以进行进一步的实验室检查，包括电生理测试、神经活检以及血液和脑脊液检查，以证实临床诊断。在某些情况下可以进行治疗，以纠正潜在的疾病状态或至少改善症状。
