McFarland W, Mvere D, Shamu R, Katzenstein D
Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Transfusion. 1998 Mar;38(3):279-84. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1998.38398222872.x.
Factors associated with an increased likelihood of HIV infection among newly recruited blood donors in Zimbabwe are identified. Their feasibility as criteria for exclusion from donation is assessed.
A self-administered survey including demographic and behavioral questions was completed by 1199 first-time, volunteer blood donors in Harare, Zimbabwe. Methods for subject recruitment and laboratory screening followed usual blood bank protocols.
Fifteen percent of subjects were HIV positive. Factors significantly associated with HIV seropositivity at the p<0.05 level included recruitment venue, age, marital status, donor residence, residence of primary partner, occupation, history of sexually transmitted disease, and condom use. An exclusion strategy based on donor age, condom use, recruitment venue, sexually transmitted disease history, and residence of primary partner would exclude a large proportion of HIV-infected donors without substantial loss of uninfected donors.
Exclusion of donors who are likely to be infected with HIV is a sound policy for improving blood safety and reducing operating costs worldwide. Identification of efficient donor selection criteria requires knowledge of the local epidemiology of HIV infection and the asking of questions that are likely to be answered accurately.
确定了津巴布韦新招募献血者中与艾滋病毒感染可能性增加相关的因素，并评估了将这些因素作为献血排除标准的可行性。
津巴布韦哈拉雷的1199名首次自愿献血者完成了一项包含人口统计学和行为问题的自填式调查。受试者招募和实验室筛查方法遵循血库常规方案。
15%的受试者艾滋病毒呈阳性。在p<0.05水平上，与艾滋病毒血清阳性显著相关的因素包括招募地点、年龄、婚姻状况、献血者居住地、主要伴侣居住地、职业、性传播疾病史和避孕套使用情况。基于献血者年龄、避孕套使用情况、招募地点、性传播疾病史和主要伴侣居住地的排除策略，将能排除很大一部分艾滋病毒感染献血者，而不会大量减少未感染献血者。
排除可能感染艾滋病毒的献血者是一项改善全球血液安全和降低运营成本的明智政策。确定有效的献血者选择标准需要了解当地艾滋病毒感染的流行病学情况，并提出可能得到准确回答的问题。
