Gorwood P, Bouvard M, Mouren-Siméoni M C, Kipman A, Adès J
Psychiatric Department, Hospital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France.
Psychiatr Genet. 1998 Spring;8(1):1-12. doi: 10.1097/00041444-199800810-00001.
Anorexia nervosa is a severe disorder which seems likely to have a multifactorial aetiology. However, several studies have stressed that genetic factors play a significant role. Epidemiological studies have shown that the lifetime risk for first-degree relatives of a patient with an eating disorder is 6% compared to 1% among relatives of controls, and a twin study performed on 34 pairs of twins has shown a higher concordance rate in monozygotic twins (55%) compared to dizygotic twins (7%). The vulnerability component of anorexia nervosa that can be attributed to genetic influences has been estimated from twin studies to be around 70%. Despite this, few genetic studies have been performed testing the role of candidate genes which code for proteins potentially implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of the disorder. In this review, genes encoding components of the dopamine, serotonin, opiate, and noradrenaline systems are assessed for their role in anorexia nervosa. Attention is paid to psychological dimensions, clinical symptoms, co-morbidity frequency, pharmacological data, and biological measures that characterize anorexia nervosa.
神经性厌食症是一种严重的疾病，其病因似乎是多因素的。然而，多项研究强调遗传因素起着重要作用。流行病学研究表明，饮食失调患者的一级亲属终生患病风险为6%，而对照组亲属的这一风险为1%。一项对34对双胞胎进行的研究显示，同卵双胞胎（55%）的一致率高于异卵双胞胎（7%）。根据双胞胎研究估计，可归因于遗传影响的神经性厌食症易感性成分约为70%。尽管如此，很少有基因研究测试编码可能与该疾病病因发病机制相关蛋白质的候选基因的作用。在这篇综述中，对编码多巴胺、血清素、阿片类和去甲肾上腺素系统成分的基因在神经性厌食症中的作用进行了评估。关注了表征神经性厌食症的心理维度、临床症状、共病频率、药理学数据和生物学指标。
