Werfel S, Boeck K, Abeck D, Ring J
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, Technische Universität München.
Hautarzt. 1998 Mar;49(3):170-5. doi: 10.1007/s001050050723.
Although the barrier function and thickness of the stratum corneum is fully developed in newborns, the infant shows numerous differences in cutaneous and systemic metabolism of topically applied substances in comparison to adults. This discrepancy between children and adults has been explained by the greater systemic availability due to the greater surface area to weight ratio in children. Several topically applied drugs such as hexachlorophene, phenol, salicylic acid and boric acid in high concentration or on large areas have caused toxic reactions and fatalities in infants. Therapeutic approaches to childhood dermatoses differ from these used in adults. These age-dependent differences concerning the topical application of glucocorticosteroids, urea and dyes are described for the treatment of atopic eczema. The development of innovative topical drugs may extend therapeutic options especially in children as shown by a new topical anesthetic cream improving the treatment of mollusca contagiosa, a common childhood problem. Finally, certain physiological differences should be considered in newborn and infant skin care.
尽管新生儿的角质层屏障功能和厚度已完全发育，但与成年人相比，婴儿在局部应用物质的皮肤和全身代谢方面存在诸多差异。儿童与成年人之间的这种差异已被解释为，由于儿童的体表面积与体重之比更大，导致全身药物可利用性更高。几种局部应用的药物，如高浓度或大面积使用的六氯酚、苯酚、水杨酸和硼酸，已在婴儿中引起毒性反应和死亡。儿童皮肤病的治疗方法与成人不同。本文描述了在治疗特应性皮炎时，糖皮质激素、尿素和染料局部应用方面的这些年龄依赖性差异。新型局部用药的开发可能会扩展治疗选择，尤其是对儿童而言，如一种新型局部麻醉乳膏改善了传染性软疣（一种常见的儿童疾病）的治疗。最后，在新生儿和婴儿皮肤护理中应考虑某些生理差异。
